JGH:乌司奴单抗(Ustekinumab)不会增加既往患有恶性肿瘤的炎症性肠病患者新发或复发癌症的风险

2022-06-19 xuyihan MedSci原创

炎性肠病又称炎症性肠病(IBD),为累及回肠、直肠、结肠的一种特发性肠道炎症性疾病。临床表现腹泻、腹痛,甚至可有血便。本病包括溃疡性结肠炎(UC)和克罗恩病(CD)。

炎症性肠病 (IBD) 的内在复杂性和治疗选择仍然是一个全球性挑战。在过去的100年里,西方国家IBD的发病率稳步上升,并且出现了许多以长期缓解和减少并发症为目标的新型生物制剂。IBD的常规治疗包括硫嘌呤类药物,如硫唑嘌呤和6-巯基嘌呤,它们通过直接改变DNA从而导致与致癌作用有关。法国一项全国性研究表明,接受硫嘌呤治疗的患者发生淋巴增生性疾病的比率较高。

然而,最近的研究表明,接受维多珠单抗 (VDZ)、抗肿瘤坏死因子 α (抗 TNF) 或抗代谢物治疗的既往恶性肿瘤患者的新发或复发癌症风险并未增加。本研究的目的是评估IBD和既往恶性肿瘤患者随后接受 USK、VDZ 或抗 TNF 药物治疗的癌症风险。

本项研究是一项回顾性研究,纳入了341名IBD和有癌症病史患者,所有患者随后接受了维多珠单抗(VDZ;n= 34)、乌司奴单抗单抗(USK;n= 27)、肿瘤坏死因子 α 拮抗剂(抗 TNF;n= 99)治疗或没有免疫抑制治疗(对照;n= 181)。研究人员最后使用Cox 比例风险模型以确定癌症后免疫抑制治疗对癌症发生率的独立影响。

研究结果表明,在中位5.2人年的随访中,仅1名抗TNF患者发生癌症复发,而VDZ 中有1名患者、USK中有 3 名患者和 6 名抗 TNF 患者出现新的癌症,对应于癌症每 100 人年的发病率分别为 0.4、1.8 和 0.7。对照组患者的癌症发病率为每 100 人年 2.4 例,其中包括 18 例新发癌症和 9 例复发癌症。与对照组相比,Cox 比例风险模型发现接受USK 的恶性肿瘤后治疗的患者发生癌症的风险没有增加(风险比 [HR] 0.88;95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.25-3.03)。

图:肿瘤复发时间

本项研究表明在有IBD和癌症病史的患者中,暴露于乌司奴单抗(UST)与新发或复发癌症的风险增加无关。它进一步支持了越来越多的证据表明抗 TNF 和 VDZ 在该人群中的安全性。

 

原始出处:

Badar Hasan. et al. Ustekinumab does not increase risk of new or recurrent cancer in inflammatory bowel disease patients with prior malignancy. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022.

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    2023-04-02 snf701207
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