介入冲在前,外科灭原发,内科大巩固——基于MDT的晚期胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤综合治疗新模式

2019-09-01 王于,陈洁等 肿瘤资讯

超过65%的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者在首诊时已经是晚期,大部分患者已经出现较弥漫的肝转移,往往失去了外科手术根治机会。肝转移瘤病灶可以通过介入肝动脉栓塞术(TAE)联合全身治疗得到有效地缓解。目前中山大学附属第一医院神经内分泌瘤肝转移的TAE治疗客观缓解率超过80%,为晚期神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移治疗的利器。

超过65%的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤患者在首诊时已经是晚期,大部分患者已经出现较弥漫的肝转移,往往失去了外科手术根治机会。肝转移瘤病灶可以通过介入肝动脉栓塞术(TAE)联合全身治疗得到有效地缓解。目前中山大学附属第一医院神经内分泌瘤肝转移的TAE治疗客观缓解率超过80%,为晚期神经内分泌肿瘤肝转移治疗的利器。

多数时候,原发病灶位于胰头部,直径超过2cm就有外科切除指征,并且随着肿瘤的变大会压迫胆管和胰管等结构,导致梗阻性黄疸等一系列症状。胰头部肿瘤切除的常规术式是胰十二指肠切除术(whillpe术),术后将留有胆肠吻合口。但有报道认为whillpe术后胆肠吻合口的存在,使得肝转移瘤介入治疗产生肝脓肿等胆道并发症发生机会上升了894倍。这就使得这部分已行胰头神经内分泌肿瘤whipple术的患者,在后续进行肝转移瘤介入治疗时遇到极大的困难。

为了攻克这一难题,中山大学附属第一医院经过神经内分泌肿瘤多学科诊疗团队(NEN MDT)多年临床摸索后,首创在全身治疗的基础上,先行肝脏转移瘤的介入栓塞(TAE)治疗,尽可能地减少肝内肿瘤负荷,再二期行胰头部神经内分泌肿瘤的外科手术(whillpe术)切除原发病灶,最后予药物维持的治疗新模式。该模式获得患者们的极大认可和国内同道们的极大关注。

一位中年女性患者,胰头部神经内分泌肿瘤G2、Ⅳ期,合并肝内多发囊性转移,已经无法行根治性外科切除。在中山大学附属第一医院NEN MDT讨论后,为其制定了一个三步走的综合治疗方案:第一步:全身治疗药物给予长效生长抑素;同时对肝转移瘤进行肝动脉栓塞术;第二步:胰头原发病灶切除。第三步:最后所剩的低负荷肿瘤予长效生长抑素维持治疗。该患者在完成4个疗程的肝动脉栓塞术后,肝内转移瘤病灶明显好转,影像学评价几乎是完全缓解。患者的一般状况也得到明显改善。这时外科将其胰头部原发病灶进行切除,完成经典的胰十二指肠切除术。患者术后恢复顺利。随访一年余未见明显肿瘤复发,仅以全身长效生长抑素维持治疗便可。术前磁共振图显示肝内大量囊性转移病灶,胰头部原发病灶。镓68-生长抑素受体成像(68Ga-DOTANOC-PET-CT)可见肝内大量放射性浓集病灶头,胰头区也可见原发病灶生长抑素受体阳性显像。18F-FDG--PET-CT可见肝内大量放射性浓集病灶,胰头区也可见原发病灶放射性浓集。TAE术中可见大量囊性肿瘤病灶。三次TAE术后可见大部分肝内病灶缩小消失。术前胰头原发病灶whillpe术后已切除。

另外一例女性患者,也是胰头神经内分泌肿瘤Ⅳ期,G2级,合并肝内多发转移,也无法外科根治性切除。在中山大学附属第一医院NEN MDT讨论后,同样制定了一个三步走的综合治疗方案:第一步:全身治疗药物给予长效生长抑素;同时对肝转移瘤进行肝动脉栓塞术;第二步:胰头原发病灶切除。第三步:最后所剩的低负荷肿瘤予长效生长抑素维持治疗。该患者在完成两个疗程的肝动脉栓塞术后,肝内转移瘤病灶明显好转,几近消失。转去外科将其胰头部原发病灶进行胰十二指肠切除术术后恢复顺利,随访未见明显肿瘤复发,仅以全身长效生长抑素维持治疗。肝脏可见数个转移瘤,胰头部可见原发病灶。镓68-生长抑素受体成像(68Ga-DOTANOC-PET-CT)可见肝内转移瘤放射性浓集,胰头区也可见原发病灶生长抑素受体阳性显像。18F-FDG--PET-CT可见肝内多个放射性浓集病灶,胰头区亦见原发病灶放射性浓集。两次TAE术后肝内转移瘤基本消失,再行whillpe术切除胰头原发病灶 。

随着神经内分泌肿瘤发病率的增长,胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤尤其是病灶位于胰头部越来越常见。胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤本身具有易肝转移的特性,并且大部分患者就诊时肝内转移病灶已经无法外科切除。介入肝动脉栓塞术可以很有效地减少肝内肿瘤负荷,但已行外科胰十二指肠切除术的患者,将会大大增加介入栓塞术后并发症的机会。中山大学附属第一医院神经内分泌肿瘤团队首创在全身治疗基础上,先行肝转移瘤的介入栓塞最大程度减瘤,再行胰头原发病灶的外科切除,最后予药物维持治疗的新模式,达到了良好的临床疗效,给晚期胰头部神经内分泌肿瘤带来了福音。

陈洁,主任医师,中山大学附属第一医院消化内科副主任,欧洲神经内分泌肿瘤学会(ENETS)顾问委员会委员(2015-2018),欧洲神经内分泌肿瘤学会(ENETS)会员,中国抗癌协会胰腺癌专业委员会神经内分泌肿瘤学组(CSNET)组长,中国医师协会胰腺病分会胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤专委会副主任委员,中国医促会神经内分泌肿瘤分会常委,中国抗癌协会胰腺癌专业委员会常委,中国抗癌协会整合肿瘤学分会常委,中国医师协会整合医学医师分会整合肿瘤学专业委员会副主任委员,中华医学会消化病学分会肠激素与神经内分泌肿瘤学组副组长,中国研究型医院学会消化外科专业委员会神经内分泌肿瘤学组顾问,中华医学会消化病学分会肿瘤协作组委员,中华医学会肿瘤学分会胰腺肿瘤学组委员,广东省医学会消化病分会委员,广东省医学会消化病分会肿瘤学组副组长,广东省医师协会消化科医师分会副主任委员,广州抗癌协会癌专业委员会常委,中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)会员,中华消化杂志通讯编委,ENETS 官刊Neuroendocrinology 编委(Associate editor),Journal of Pancreatology 编委,专注于神经内分泌肿瘤的诊治和研究。

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    2020-02-22 gwc392
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    2019-09-03 jiangfeng5070
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