JAMA Psychiatry:机器学习法识别自杀未遂风险因素

2021-01-07 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

这些结果可能有助于指导未来的临床评估和制定新的自杀风险量表。

抑郁症是一种常见的心理障碍疾病,目前是仅次于癌症的人类第二大杀手,全球预计有3.5亿人罹患抑郁症。据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计,到2030年,抑郁症将成为全球第一大疾病负担。据《柳叶刀》2018年的发表数据显示,抑郁症的全球发病率约为6%,而终生患病风险为15-18%,也就是说每5个人就有1人在一生中的某个时候经历过抑郁症。其中,有近一半生活在东南亚地区和西太平洋地区,包括印度和中国。

而近年来,因抑郁症导致的自杀也是越来越频繁。

心理社会应激与自杀行为存在着密切的联系,但这种联系不可能是独立发生的,而是通过某种中介作用相联系,毕竟并不是所有经历应激的人都会自杀。因此,只有结合自杀者的个人特质进行分析,将易致自杀的各种危险因素综合起来,才有可能更加深入的理解自杀现象。

机器学习是一门多领域交叉学科,涉及概率论、统计学、逼近论、凸分析、算法复杂度理论等多门学科。专门研究计算机怎样模拟或实现人类的学习行为,以获取新的知识或技能,重新组织已有的知识结构使之不断改善自身的性能。近年来也被广泛用于医学领域。

我们都听说过,大数据承诺要通过广泛获集电子健康档案与高容量数据流来改变医疗领域,而从保险偿付到个人基因组学及生物传感器登记系统都可作为这些数据的来源。从应用风险评分指导抗凝治疗(CHADS2)与降胆固醇药的使用(ASCVD),到重症监护室内患者的风险分层(APACHE),由数据驱动的临床预测在医疗实践中已成惯例。

目前看来,结合现代机器学习,临床数据源使我们得以对数以千计的相似临床问题迅速生成预测模型。从对脓毒症的早期预警系统,到能力超人的影像诊断,这些方法的潜在适用范围是相当可观的。那么是能用机器学习的方法,识别普通人群中歧途自杀的风险因素呢?答案是肯定的。

来自美国哥伦比亚大学的专家团队对该问题进行了探究,相关结果发表在最新的JAAMA Psyhiatry杂志上。

该研究数据来自全国酒精及相关疾病流行病学调查(NESARC)的两次调查(2001年至2002年)(2004年至2005年)。后者一项面对面的纵向调查,调查对象为美国18岁及以上的非机构化平民人口的全国代表性样本。两次调查的累积回应率为70.2%,产生了34个653波次的访谈。使用交叉验证训练了一个平衡的随机森林来开发一个自杀企图风险模型。模型预测用于评估模型的性能,包括接收器操作曲线下的面积、灵敏度和特异性。

结果共有34 653名参与者中,其中20 089名为女性(52.1%),有222人(0.6%)在两次访谈之间的3年内自述有自杀企图。使用在第1次访谈时的调查问题,自杀企图风险模型产生了交叉验证的接受者操作者特征曲线下面积为0.857,在优化的阈值下,灵敏度为85.3%,特异性为73.3%。

该模型识别出1.8%的美国人口有10%或更高的自杀企图风险。最重要的风险因素是3个关于以往自杀意念或行为的问题;12项短表健康调查中的3个项目,即因情绪问题而感到心灰意冷、对所做的工作成就感较低;年龄较小;受教育程度较低;以及近期有财务危机。

综上,该研究经过对2500多个调查问题的检索,确认了几个众所周知的自杀未遂风险因素,如既往的自杀行为和意念。同时也发现了新的风险,包括精神障碍和社会经济劣势等。这些结果可能有助于指导未来的临床评估和制定新的自杀风险量表。

 

参考文献:

Identification of Suicide Attempt Risk Factors in a National US Survey Using Machine Learning. JAMA Psychiatry. Published online January 6, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4165

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792201, encodeId=fe8e1e92201e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 05:21:14 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1004038, encodeId=b4db100403812, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d806121594' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#机器学习#</a>未来应用会越来越广,<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a024808e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人工智能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61215, encryptionId=7d806121594, topicName=机器学习), TopicDto(id=24808, encryptionId=d3a024808e0, topicName=人工智能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 22:03:59 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=915063, encodeId=ef97915063f8, content=最重要的风险因素是3个关于以往自杀意念或行为的问题;12项短表健康调查中的3个项目,即因情绪问题而感到心灰意冷、对所做的工作成就感较低;年龄较小;受教育程度较低;以及近期有财务危机。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Sat Jan 09 22:10:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1583277, encodeId=51f115832e71d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f6e1611840d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#机器#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61184, encryptionId=f6e1611840d, topicName=机器)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=13dc16973127, createdName=ms6279672939590805, createdTime=Sat Jan 09 10:21:14 CST 2021, time=2021-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036386, encodeId=f78e103638667, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 22:21:14 CST 2021, time=2021-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-07-30 小小医者

    #机器学习#未来应用会越来越广,#人工智能#

    0

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    2021-01-09 三生有幸9135

    最重要的风险因素是3个关于以往自杀意念或行为的问题;12项短表健康调查中的3个项目,即因情绪问题而感到心灰意冷、对所做的工作成就感较低;年龄较小;受教育程度较低;以及近期有财务危机。

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792201, encodeId=fe8e1e92201e1, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Mon Feb 01 05:21:14 CST 2021, time=2021-02-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1004038, encodeId=b4db100403812, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d806121594' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#机器学习#</a>未来应用会越来越广,<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a024808e0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#人工智能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=122, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61215, encryptionId=7d806121594, topicName=机器学习), TopicDto(id=24808, encryptionId=d3a024808e0, topicName=人工智能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Fri Jul 30 22:03:59 CST 2021, time=2021-07-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=915063, encodeId=ef97915063f8, content=最重要的风险因素是3个关于以往自杀意念或行为的问题;12项短表健康调查中的3个项目,即因情绪问题而感到心灰意冷、对所做的工作成就感较低;年龄较小;受教育程度较低;以及近期有财务危机。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzaiabIFicf63hKvVMjL6aJlx4yX4UcXmzX9DyibCRcicq0QtCRWMaQKh8MYjE1D3EKUBopgiaGWYuqbeR/0, createdBy=0c2b1999806, createdName=三生有幸9135, createdTime=Sat Jan 09 22:10:08 CST 2021, time=2021-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1583277, encodeId=51f115832e71d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f6e1611840d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#机器#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=61184, encryptionId=f6e1611840d, topicName=机器)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=13dc16973127, createdName=ms6279672939590805, createdTime=Sat Jan 09 10:21:14 CST 2021, time=2021-01-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036386, encodeId=f78e103638667, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Thu Jan 07 22:21:14 CST 2021, time=2021-01-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-01-07 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

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