JAMA: “老年痴呆”高危人群福音:这种基因变异,或能让他们躲过认知衰退

2020-04-19 医学新视点 医学新视点

klotho基因变异可能起到了保护作用,是抵消APOE4影响的候选基因。研究结果近日发表于《美国医学会杂志-神经病学》。这一发现为患者风险识别、药物和疗法研发都提供了新洞见。

几十年来,科学家们已经知道一个基因与阿尔茨海默病风险有着千丝万缕关联——APOE4。携带一个拷贝APOE4的人群,患病风险是其他人群的3倍多;如果携带两个拷贝,风险则飙升近10倍。而根据斯坦福大学医学院团队的最新发现,如果同时携带另一种klotho基因变异,相当一部分APOE4携带者则不会患病。换言之,klotho基因变异可能起到了保护作用,是抵消APOE4影响的候选基因。研究结果近日发表于《美国医学会杂志-神经病学》。这一发现为患者风险识别、药物和疗法研发都提供了新洞见。

约15%的健康人携带APOE4基因变异,在阿尔茨海默病患者中,这一比例高达50% 以上。但从另一个角度而言,并非所有的APOE4携带者都会患病,一些携带者在85岁甚至90岁时都不会有认知障碍症状。

是什么因素起到了保护作用?在多年研究中,斯坦福大学记忆障碍中心主任、神经学教授Michael Greicius博士和他的研究团队注意到了klotho基因变异。在动物研究中,血液中klotho蛋白含量高预示着长寿,在人类研究中也发现了类似的证据。携带一个拷贝的klotho基因变异会增加 klotho蛋白的循环水平,可以防止衰老和认知能力下降。

那么,这一基因变异与对APOE4携带者的保护作用有关吗?

为此,研究团队追踪了超过2万名60岁以上人群的数据,并分析携带APOE4和klotho基因变异与阿尔茨海默氏病的关联。

结果支持了他们的猜测。在9000多名60岁以上的APOE4携带人群中,携带一个拷贝的klotho基因变异与阿尔兹海默病风险降低25%相关;在60岁-80岁人群中,保护效应更显著,患病风险降低31%。携带klotho基因变异的人群,发生早期认知障碍的风险也同样更低。在10000多名非ApoE4携带者中,则没有这种关联。

对另外近800名受试者的脑脊液或大脑影像学检测结果提示,同时携带klotho基因变异的APOE4携带者,大脑中的β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)负担也更低——众所周知,Aβ是异常沉积是阿尔茨海默病标志性的一个病理特征。


▲阿尔茨海默病患者的大脑中,β淀粉样蛋白的异常沉积(褐色斑块)是标志性的病理特征。(图片来源:National Institutes of Health)

Greicius博士表示,对APOE4携带者进行klotho基因检测,可以更好地预测他们患阿尔茨海默病的风险。这也带来了新的药物靶标——与klotho基因变异相关的分子途径。此外,很多临床试验通常优先招募患病风险高的APOE4携带者,后续或许应考虑排除携带一个拷贝klotho基因变异的人群,以更好地对比、观察实验性治疗的效果。

梅奥诊所神经科学系主席Guojun Bu评论认为,“这是令人振奋的发现,科学家一直在寻找可以抵消APOE4基因不良影响的其他基因,klotho可能正是其中之一,表现为长寿基因对抗短寿基因。”

期待对该基因的进一步研究,能为攻克阿尔茨海默病带来好消息!

原始来源:
Michael E. Belloy, et al. Association of Klotho-VS Heterozygosity With Risk of Alzheimer Disease in Individuals Who Carry APOE4. JAMA. April 13, 2020

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    2020-04-20 kafei

    学习了谢谢

    0

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    2020-04-20 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2020-04-20 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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    2020-04-20 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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