“伤风宜食,发烧宜饿”?听听来自ASM Microbe 2019上的一些“谣言”

2019-06-30 佚名 中国生物技术网

上周,在美国旧金山举行的美国微生物学会年度会议上(ASM Microbe 2019),来自密歇根大学的博士后研究员Ada Hagan与南卡罗莱纳医科大学的微生物学家Michael Schmidt针对微生物领域中的一些传言进行了讨论,比如发烧时应不应该饿肚子。这是研究人员们第二年在会议上戳破谣言了。

上周,在美国旧金山举行的美国微生物学会年度会议上(ASM Microbe 2019),来自密歇根大学的博士后研究员Ada Hagan与南卡罗莱纳医科大学的微生物学家Michael Schmidt针对微生物领域中的一些传言进行了讨论,比如发烧时应不应该饿肚子。这是研究人员们第二年在会议上戳破谣言了。

会议前,Hagan与《科学家》杂志就微生物领域的传言,哪些正确哪些不正确进行了讨论。



ADA HAGAN

《科学家》:你认为“伤风宜食,发烧宜饿”这种说法是正确的吗?

Ada Hagan:“伤风宜食”是对的,但是“发烧宜饿”就不对了。如果你感觉到饿了,就应该吃东西。“发烧宜饿”是以讹传讹。最初的说法是“stave a fever”,意思是延缓或预防发烧,而非“starve a fever”。这种拼写错误是很多错误传言的起因。

几百年前,有个人提出,在你发烧的时候不要吃东西,这样才能帮助你更快康复。这是因为吃东西使你更热,不利于恢复。这个观点是在我们理解人体很久之前形成的。《科学美国人》曾有一篇文章仔细分析了这一种说法,并证实其错误性。所以,如果你生病了,而且感觉很饿,那么就应该吃东西。

《科学家》:吃巧克力会引起痤疮吗?

Ada Hagan:这个问题有点棘手,应该视情况而定。研究人员发现,如果你有痤疮的遗传倾向,那么吃巧克力确实会引起痤疮的发生,但如果你没有这个遗传倾向,那么吃巧克力并不会造成什么影响。

有些研究表明,巧克力可以调节免疫反应,所以这可能与那些遗传上易长粉刺的人痘痘增多有关。

《科学家》:关于微生物领域的谣言很多吗?

Ada Hagan:是的,有很多,其中很多都基是于某种思维过程。应对它们的方式是,分辨其中哪些部分是正确的,哪些是错误的。重要的是要思考这些传言的来源。有些观点已经历史悠久,并且存在真实性,意识到这点是很重要的。来自柳树皮的阿司匹林可能是最著名的例子。大蒜也是有益的。现在,很多此类观点已经被几代人淡化了,但正确的部分仍然存在。

《科学家》:还有哪些谣言是你想澄清的?

Ada Hagan:再说回发烧的话题。在发烧的时候你是否会冒汗,或者试图用冷却手段来降温?利用出汗疗法来治疗疾病有着悠久的历史。所以我们首先需要确定,是真的发烧还是只是感觉到热。在中暑时,身体过热,无法冷却,导致体温上升。但你的身体仍然试图让体温回到37摄氏度,但体温却无法降下来,所以我们要求助于外部的降温机制。

然而发烧时,体温仍然是受身体控制的。所以,发烧时,会通过出汗试图让体温回到37摄氏度。一项在ICU激进治疗发烧的研究中,研究人员试图将患者体温降低,但由于治疗组死亡人数的增加,研究人员不得不提前终止实验。所以,身体基本上是受控的,我们不应该强行扰乱其自身机制。当孩子发烧时,就更难了。当我们有了孩子后,会意识到发烧是非常危险的。但真正有影响的并不是体温,而是孩子的反应。如果孩子真的感觉非常难受,那么吃点泰诺或布洛芬也不会是世界末日的。重要的是要确保他们保持充足的水分。

《科学家》:还有哪些传言是在这次会议上没有提及,但你认为很重要的?

Ada Hagan:还有关于“在不舒服的时候,饮用碳酸饮料或姜汁饮料可以缓解”这一观点。生姜是一种止吐剂。但姜汁饮料中含有很多糖,姜的含量却并不多,所以它对治疗部不适并没有帮助。曾经有一篇赞同该观点的文章,但是大部分证据都是不可靠的。此外,碳酸饮料含有很多糖,而不是很多电解质,所以最好还是喝电解质水或其他补水饮品。姜茶或锭剂也是有效的,但是碳酸饮料对于治疗胃部不适是没有用的。

另一个传言是,如果你在冬天不穿外套出门就会感冒。也许并非如此。事实上,于1968年发表在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项研究中,研究人员将受试者安排在两个不同的房间里,一个温暖潮湿的,一个寒冷的,然后再将他们暴露在感冒病毒下。两组患感冒的比例相同。所以,气温并不是导致感冒的主要原因。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661326, encodeId=fe1f166132638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89bd9212273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谣言#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92122, encryptionId=89bd9212273, topicName=谣言)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f625261446, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Fri May 01 13:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084536, encodeId=84232084536d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 01:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857813, encodeId=b548185e81310, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Tue Dec 31 16:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376888, encodeId=763513e6888e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc13e87938' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发烧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37879, encryptionId=ddc13e87938, topicName=发烧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25c8396, createdName=ssnine, createdTime=Tue Jul 02 08:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368676, encodeId=78613686e63e, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Sun Jun 30 17:37:49 CST 2019, time=2019-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661326, encodeId=fe1f166132638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89bd9212273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谣言#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92122, encryptionId=89bd9212273, topicName=谣言)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f625261446, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Fri May 01 13:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084536, encodeId=84232084536d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 01:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857813, encodeId=b548185e81310, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Tue Dec 31 16:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376888, encodeId=763513e6888e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc13e87938' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发烧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37879, encryptionId=ddc13e87938, topicName=发烧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25c8396, createdName=ssnine, createdTime=Tue Jul 02 08:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368676, encodeId=78613686e63e, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Sun Jun 30 17:37:49 CST 2019, time=2019-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-11 xjy02
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661326, encodeId=fe1f166132638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89bd9212273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谣言#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92122, encryptionId=89bd9212273, topicName=谣言)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f625261446, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Fri May 01 13:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084536, encodeId=84232084536d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 01:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857813, encodeId=b548185e81310, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Tue Dec 31 16:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376888, encodeId=763513e6888e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc13e87938' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发烧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37879, encryptionId=ddc13e87938, topicName=发烧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25c8396, createdName=ssnine, createdTime=Tue Jul 02 08:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368676, encodeId=78613686e63e, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Sun Jun 30 17:37:49 CST 2019, time=2019-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-12-31 仁者大医
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661326, encodeId=fe1f166132638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89bd9212273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谣言#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92122, encryptionId=89bd9212273, topicName=谣言)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f625261446, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Fri May 01 13:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084536, encodeId=84232084536d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 01:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857813, encodeId=b548185e81310, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Tue Dec 31 16:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376888, encodeId=763513e6888e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc13e87938' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发烧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37879, encryptionId=ddc13e87938, topicName=发烧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25c8396, createdName=ssnine, createdTime=Tue Jul 02 08:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368676, encodeId=78613686e63e, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Sun Jun 30 17:37:49 CST 2019, time=2019-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-07-02 ssnine
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1661326, encodeId=fe1f166132638, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=89bd9212273' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#谣言#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92122, encryptionId=89bd9212273, topicName=谣言)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=36f625261446, createdName=ms2999106592497887, createdTime=Fri May 01 13:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2084536, encodeId=84232084536d5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=61f411e013b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Micro#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11701, encryptionId=61f411e013b, topicName=Micro)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d59291, createdName=xjy02, createdTime=Thu Jun 11 01:28:00 CST 2020, time=2020-06-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1857813, encodeId=b548185e81310, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3f48525849' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#CRO#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=5258, encryptionId=3f48525849, topicName=CRO)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8e886, createdName=仁者大医, createdTime=Tue Dec 31 16:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-12-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376888, encodeId=763513e6888e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ddc13e87938' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#发烧#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37879, encryptionId=ddc13e87938, topicName=发烧)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=25c8396, createdName=ssnine, createdTime=Tue Jul 02 08:28:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=368676, encodeId=78613686e63e, content=学习了,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=89, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/oLAjfB7s1ib06iaV3D9Tg5Kzuf9u71gZhPYMiajRtENwicoAABeQtfXOlic8ibhYSy6DvJZWUDVtjRvTfqBffr1XJ6JLtFB5kHicthl/0, createdBy=d41c2055892, createdName=184****9840, createdTime=Sun Jun 30 17:37:49 CST 2019, time=2019-06-30, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-06-30 184****9840

    学习了,谢谢分享。

    0

相关资讯

唐晋清:儿童发烧怎么处理

炎炎酷暑,对于抵抗力比较弱的儿童来说,更容易患上感冒、发烧。入伏之后,各大医院儿科门急诊又到了就诊高峰,其中发烧的情况最为多见。一些家长见状十分急,急急忙忙跑医院。一些家长认为是药三分毒,即便是体温很高,也执着地认为退热药物会损害健康,拒绝服药。那么,孩子发烧,该不去医院就医?孩子发烧时能不能靠“自愈”?孩子发烧如何在家处理呢?其实现代医学并不主张孩子一发烧就用退烧药,发烧本身就是身体对外来疾病(

急诊病房住满人!多是这三种病闹的

进入8月,感冒发烧、急性肠胃炎、心脑血管疾病等高温带来的疾病猛增。为此,专家提醒,夏日炎炎,要注意预防“高温病”。

Immunity:发烧会改变免疫细胞,怎么改变的?

众所周知,发烧有助于增强我们的免疫细胞,但具体如何作用还不得而知。来自上海的科学家在小鼠身上发现,发烧会改变免疫细胞(如淋巴细胞)的表面蛋白,使它们能更好地通过血管到达感染部位。这项研究发表在1月15日的Immunity杂志。

发烧小问题?它可能会引起小儿血管疾病并导致死亡!

本病为一种急性全身性血管炎,以婴幼儿发病为主,有持续性发热、皮疹、淋巴结炎等特征性表现。本病是引起儿童获得性心血管疾病的两个主要因素之一,在许多地方其危险性甚至大于风湿热。 病史: 患者为一4岁男童,平素体健,生长发育情况良好,入院前1个半月,患儿患水痘,15天后水痘逐渐消退。患儿5天前,着凉后出现发热,体温最高38.5度,伴寒战、眼红、口唇干裂,无呼吸困难、咳嗽、吐泻、抽搐等表现,当地医

冬春季节,孩子发烧要小心是这个病

本病是小儿时期较为常见的神经系统感染,15岁以下的儿童病例占绝大多数,尤其是婴幼儿较常见。近年来,随着以抗生素为主的综合治疗措施的应用,本病的预后已大为改观,其病死率已由50%~90%降至l0%以下,但仍是小儿严重感染性疾病之一,神经系统后遗症也较为常见。 病史: 患者为一9岁男孩,既往体健,生长发育史无殊。患者于3天前出现发热、头痛等症状,2天前出现非喷射性呕吐一次,昨日上午再次呕吐,呕

感冒发烧拉肚子后,孩子竟然瘫痪了?这是什么怪病?

警惕四大症状:耷拉眼皮,脸歪无力,吞咽困难或吐字不清,突然手脚无力。