Acta Neuropathologica: MAP激酶p38γ降低tau介导的晚期记忆缺陷

2020-10-11 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

神经元tau蛋白的过度磷酸化通过促进tau病理和神经元以及认知缺陷从而导致阿尔茨海默病(AD)。

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是最常见的痴呆症,其特征是细胞外斑块含有淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)和由神经元tau蛋白构成的细胞内缠结。尽管我们对疾病机制的理解有所增加,但是通过靶向Aβ或其从淀粉样样前体蛋白(APP)中加工来治疗AD的方法在大型临床试验中没有明显的益处。因此,最近对疾病机制和治疗发展的探索主要集中在tau。AD的各个方面可以在神经元中表达人类APP的小鼠模型中进行建模。APP转基因小鼠表现为淀粉样斑块的进行性沉积。

我们以前已经证明,位点特异性tau磷酸化可以抑制淀粉样蛋白β(Aβ)诱导的毒性信号。突触后有丝分裂原激活蛋白(MAP)激酶p38γ介导了苏氨酸-205(T205)上tau的位点特异性磷酸化。使用基因治疗的方法,我们利用这种神经保护机制来改善两种Aβ依赖的AD小鼠模型在晚期记忆缺陷阶段的记忆。tau中靶向T205的突触后激酶p38γ活性的增加降低了有症状的Aβ诱发的AD模型的记忆缺陷。用野生型人tau或磷酸化缺陷tau T205A进行的重组实验表明,T205修饰对于p38γ的下游效应至关重要,p38γ可以防止APP转基因小鼠的记忆障碍。此外,对小鼠Mapt基因中T205密码子的基因组编辑表明,内源性tau中的单侧链对APP转基因AD小鼠的记忆缺陷具有关键性的调节作用。在表达非致病性tau的tau转基因小鼠模型中,通过基因p38γ缺失消除p38γ活性的保护作用,使tau具有毒性,并导致人类Aβ缺失时记忆功能受损。因此,我们认为,调节神经元p38γ的活性是一种内在的tau依赖性治疗方法,可以增强晚期痴呆症患者的受损认知。

方法:从皮质组织中纯化突触体的方法如前所述。简单地说,使用预先冷却的匀浆器在30 mg 组织/毫升的冰镇蔗糖缓冲液中均匀化。通过离心(1400g,10min,4°C)清除匀浆后,将颗粒重新悬浮在蔗糖缓冲液中并再次离心(1400g,10 min,4°C)。合并上清液,再次离心,并在4°C下在13800 g下旋转上清液(总脑匀浆)10分钟。将颗粒重新悬浮在蔗糖缓冲液中,分层并在4°下以45000g离心45分钟。将Pellet重新悬浮在5%的Ficoll中,在13%的Ficoll上分层,在4°C下以45000g下离心45分钟。收集界面(突触体),在5%的Ficoll中稀释,45°C下离心,收集上清液(非突触)并在pH8缓冲液中洗涤沉淀并重新悬浮在pH8缓冲液中,从而构成粗的突触体裂解物。在制备用于蛋白质印迹的样品之前,测定不同组分的蛋白质浓度。

综上所述,我们的研究结果表明,通过突触后激酶p38γ靶向位点特异性tau磷酸化是一种潜在的治疗方法,可减轻现有Aβ诱导的AD小鼠模型的记忆障碍。通过基因治疗载体增加p38γ的活性是安全的,并且不会促进tau病理学改变,包括在高tau水平情况下。最后,我们发现p38γ在缺乏高Aβ水平的情况下限制了tau依赖性记忆损伤,支持p38γ对tau毒性的直接影响。

Ittner, A., Asih, P.R., Tan, A.R.P. et al. Reduction of advanced tau-mediated memory deficits by the MAP kinase p38γ. Acta Neuropathol 140, 279–294 (2020).

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    2020-11-30 windight
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    2021-06-02 yb6560
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    2020-10-12 redcrab
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    2020-10-12 hb2008ye