BMJ:190万研究坐实! 这种避孕药将卵巢癌风险降低21%!

2018-09-27 Zoe 转化医学网

9月26日为世界避孕日,于是乎,避孕药增加宝宝白血病风险,避孕药改变大脑,这些报道使避孕药于沉寂许久之后再度被推上风口浪尖。而BMJ也不遑多让,一项逾190万的大型研究表明:避孕药可以降低21%的卵巢癌风险。


导  读

9月26日为世界避孕日,于是乎,避孕药增加宝宝白血病风险,避孕药改变大脑,这些报道使避孕药于沉寂许久之后再度被推上风口浪尖。而BMJ也不遑多让,一项逾190万的大型研究表明:避孕药可以降低21%的卵巢癌风险。

据统计,全世界至少有1亿女性每天都在使用激素避孕药。它对于广大女性来说可谓是非常“贴心”!痘痘,月经不调都可轻松缓解。甚至既往研究表明:服用含较高雌激素和较高孕激素复方口服避孕药的女性患卵巢癌的风险较低。

那么,使用新型口服避孕药和其他激素避孕方法的女性是否也可以获得相同的“福利”呢?近日,一项大型前瞻性队列研究显示:

新型联合口服避孕药(含有较低剂量的雌激素和较高的孕激素)可以预防约21%的女性卵巢癌。

该研究于近日以“Association between contemporary hormonal contraception and ovarian cancer in women of reproductive age in Denmark: prospective, nationwide cohort study”为题发表在知名学术期刊《BMJ》上。

研究者为苏格兰阿伯丁大学和丹麦哥本哈根大学的工作人员。他们使用国家处方和癌症登记,分析了1995年至2014年期间近190万15-49岁的丹麦女性数据。

这些女性被归类为从未使用避孕药者(没有记录),最近1年使用者,既往使用者(停止使用后超过一年)三类。

研究人员将年龄和胎次等几个因素考虑在内,结果显示:

在激素避孕的13 344 531人年中,有478例罹患卵巢癌。而从未使用避孕药的8 150 250人年中,这一数值高达771例。而卵巢癌诊断的中位年龄为44.4岁。

研究发现:

从未使用激素避孕药的妇女(每10万人年7.5例)卵巢癌病例数最多,与从未使用过的女性相比,最近使用或既往使用任何激素避孕药都会降低卵巢癌的风险。

具体来说:

子宫内膜样,粘液性和浆液性上皮癌的风险降低,而透明细胞上皮或非上皮卵巢癌没有显著减少。而仅含孕激素的避孕药,包括含有宫内节育系统的左炔诺孕酮,则不能预防卵巢癌。

研究人员表示:避孕药的这种积极效果会随着使用时间的延长而增强,并在停止后持续数年时间,为女性提供长久的庇护。但是这种庇护持续时间尚不确定,激素避孕药降低卵巢癌风险的确切机制也尚未明确。

该研究的优势在于:首先,样本量为近190万,数量庞大。其次,研究者针对几个重要的混杂变量进行了调整。该队列年龄均小于50岁,很少有女性会使用增加卵巢癌风险的激素替代疗法。

局限性也十分明显:首先作为一项观察性研究,无法得出关于因果关系的确切结论。其次研究者无法调整某些因素,如母乳喂养,以及有关子宫内膜异位症和多囊卵巢综合征的信息。

避孕药防癌无疑是个好消息,但是中国人对于性总是羞于启齿,去药店见到避孕药更是恨不得掩面而逃,这直接导致了人工流产率的只增不减,数据统计,中国每年约有1300万人次的人流。其实,女性最好的避孕方式便是短效避孕药。我们期待着有一天,人们对避孕将不再讳莫如深。

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    2019-02-16 sjq027
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    2019-03-25 gaoxiaoe
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    2018-09-28 123f3e6am62暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-09-28 1371f63f74m

    学习了!

    0

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