口腔溃疡可没这么简单!警惕可能是这些病!

2021-09-29 Dr。wu彤 MedSci原创

看似简单的口腔溃疡实则暗藏玄机! 也有可能提示这些病!

又得口腔溃疡了,不能吃香的喝辣的了

又称为“口疮”,是一种十分常见的口腔粘膜疾病。

主要发生在软腭、唇内侧以及舌头处,

溃疡点及中心黏膜出现充血现象

你以为常见的口腔溃疡,单单只是口腔溃疡吗?

它有可能是其他疾病的口腔表现!

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常见的口腔溃疡

复发性阿弗他口炎 (recurrent aphthousstomatitis,RAS) 又称复发性口腔溃疡、复发性口疮,灼痛是其突出特征,外观为单个或者多个大小不一的圆形或椭圆形溃疡,表面覆盖灰白或黄色假膜,中央凹陷,边界清楚,周围黏膜红而微肿。具有周期性、复发性、自限性的特征,年龄不拘,发病年龄估计在10~20岁之间,女性较多。一年四季均能发生,能在10天左右自愈。

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其他疾病伴发的溃疡

对于溃疡发作频繁,如一个月多次、溃疡大于1cm、愈合时间较长的重型患者均应该及时就医。许多系统性疾病都可能表现为反复的口腔溃疡且不易愈合,要当心是其他疾病的“警示灯”。其中,最常见的有风湿免疫系统疾病和消化系统疾病,还有要警惕恶性肿瘤问题。

 

*慢性胃炎、胃十二指肠溃疡、便秘、痔疮等胃肠道疾病患者,复发性口腔溃疡的发病率会明显增高。

这是因为人体全身黏膜结构相似,慢性胃炎、胃十二指肠溃疡等疾病的主要病损在消化道黏膜,与此同时,口腔黏膜也较为“脆弱”。

胃肠道疾病患者易复发口腔溃疡的另一重要原因是,疾病会影响人体对维生素的吸收。

 

*疱疹性口炎

婴幼儿多发,有全身症状,发热、寒战等。口腔出现簇状小疱疹,很快破溃形成成簇的浅表小溃疡。可位于角化和非角化粘膜上,牙龈红肿。

剧痛,颌下淋巴结肿大。取材涂片,可见气球样变细胞、多核巨细胞及核内包涵体。

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* 带状疱疹病毒引起的口炎

是由水痘一带状疱疹病毒引起。中老年多见,一般为初次发病。面部病损发生在三叉神经分布区,有剧烈痛,水疱成簇或散在,可相互融合。口腔粘膜疱破后形成溃疡,皮肤疱破后结痂。

 

*坏死性涎腺化生 necrotizing sialometadysplasia
病因不明。一般认为局部缺血而发生梗死性坏死炎症。好发在腭部,尤其硬软腭交界处(占90%)—火山口样溃疡,与周围分界清楚。溃疡面有肉芽组织,边缘隆起。溃疡直径1-3cm,常在4-10月内愈合。溃疡可深达骨面,但X-ray未见骨质破坏。

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*赖特综合征

赖特综合征是指具有关节炎,尿道炎和结膜炎三联征,并且可伴发口腔溃疡,溢脓性皮肤角化的炎症性疾病,其可以表现为口腔浅表性溃疡,初为水疱,逐渐发展成浅表,多为无痛性。

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*炎症性肠病

溃疡性结肠炎 (ulcerative colitis, UC) 的口腔溃疡没有特征。

克罗恩病 (Crohn disease, CD) 的口腔溃疡要更常见,且除了有RAS表现外,它还可以有疼痛性口腔溃疡,以及牙龈溃疡。

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*系统性红斑狼疮

SLE的黏膜损害主要表现为口腔溃疡,典型的病变为颊粘膜,牙龈,上腭等部位小斑点,逐渐发展为浅表的疼痛性溃疡,其他部位如鼻中隔黏膜,会阴部黏膜也可以出现溃疡。

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*PFAPA(周期热-阿弗他口炎-咽炎-淋巴结炎)

表现为周期性发热伴口腔溃疡、咽炎和淋巴结炎,其复发模式约为每月一次。

 

*白塞病

反复发作的口腔溃疡最常见于白塞病。白塞病是一种以口腔溃疡、外阴溃疡、眼部病变三联征为主要临床症状的疾病。除此之外,白塞病还可能累及消化道,形成消化道各部位的溃疡表现,消化道溃疡并发出血、穿孔是白塞病预后不良的重要原因。

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*干燥综合征

干燥综合征是一种以侵犯外分泌腺,尤其以唾液腺、泪腺为主的慢性自身免疫性疾病,患者会出现反复发作的疼痛性口腔溃疡,同时伴有严重的口干、眼干。还可因其他外分泌腺及腺体外其他器官的受累而出现多系统损害的症状,如伴发肺间质纤维化、贫血、白细胞减少、肾小管酸中毒、紫癜等。

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*A20单倍剂量不足

HA20临床表型多变,且涵盖了自身免疫病和自身炎症性疾病的多种表现。因此,在基因诊断前需要临床医生有足够的甄别意识。与白塞病一样,HA20的临床表现可有口腔溃疡、生殖器溃疡、假性毛囊炎样、结节性红斑等皮疹、双眼葡萄膜炎、中枢神经系统血管炎改变等。

 

*周期性粒细胞缺乏症

在粒细胞缺乏同时,可伴有口腔溃疡、发烧、咽炎、吞咽困难和败血症。

 

*高免疫球蛋白D综合征

一种罕见的常染色体隐性遗传疾病,以反复发热为特征。部分患者可出现口腔溃疡或生殖器溃疡。

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*癌性溃疡(恶性溃疡)malignant ulcer

在口腔粘膜任何部位都可发生恶性肿瘤。常见舌癌、颊癌、软腭癌、恶性肉芽肿等。*其他导致口腔溃疡的疾病

其实很多疾病可以引起口腔溃疡样的病变。比如,结核、梅毒、艾滋病、耶尔森菌感染、伤寒、副伤寒等。

 

由此可见,在口腔粘膜上出现溃疡,可以是许多种疾病的共同表现,这就需要根据病史、临床表现及一系列检查来进行分析、鉴别诊断。应在多学科综合诊治的前提下,就导致口腔溃疡的全身性疾病给出合理的诊疗建议,做到早期确诊,早期治疗,从而改善预后。

 

参考文献:[1]FatahzadehM.Recurrentoral herpes:diagnosis &management.J N J Dent Assoc,2012,83(4):24-26.

[2]中华口腔医学会口腔黏膜病专业委员会, 中华口腔医学会中西医结合专业委员会, 周刚. 复发性阿弗他溃疡诊疗指南(试行)[J]. 中华口腔医学杂志, 2012, 47(7):402-404.

[3] Siu A , Landon K , Ramos D M . Differential diagnosis andmanagement of oral ulcers.[J]. Seminars in Cutaneous Medicine & Surgery,2015, 34(4):171. 

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    2021-10-04 1def6e10m76(暂无匿称)

    在口腔粘膜上出现溃疡,可以是许多种疾病的共同表现,这就需要根据病史、临床表现及一系列检查来进行分析、鉴别诊断。应在多学科综合诊治的前提下,就导致口腔溃疡的全身性疾病给出合理的诊疗建议,做到早期确诊,早期治疗,从而改善预后。

    0

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    👌

    0

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    2021-09-30 124c04f6m06暂无昵称

    教科书书式的文章👍🏻

    0

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    2021-09-29 自由的像空气

    学到了

    0

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    2021-09-29 ms6554388223732251

    学习了,以后看着口腔溃疡会想到的更多

    0

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    2021-09-29 谭永娇

    涨知识了

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1057318, encodeId=dcb0105e3183e, content=在口腔粘膜上出现溃疡,可以是许多种疾病的共同表现,这就需要根据病史、临床表现及一系列检查来进行分析、鉴别诊断。应在多学科综合诊治的前提下,就导致口腔溃疡的全身性疾病给出合理的诊疗建议,做到早期确诊,早期治疗,从而改善预后。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTInOuicIVN8Y32NO4Q53Zpd86ObmNp2WIotichCD0qQHaUBeHj7hgwQBCzX7ce4aEw5ZP8icQQfLH9Zw/132, createdBy=4ec21734756, createdName=1def6e10m76(暂无匿称), createdTime=Mon Oct 04 07:06:23 CST 2021, time=2021-10-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056643, encodeId=a8e7105664346, content=👌, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211015/8d56d5fcf5414c569fbb9517e4db6199/10eae43200f34453a94bd30c453d4254.jpg, createdBy=e2255212929, createdName=14763726m01暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 30 21:09:18 CST 2021, time=2021-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056371, encodeId=783710563e1ac, content=教科书书式的文章👍🏻, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3a722512235, createdName=124c04f6m06暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Sep 30 08:37:34 CST 2021, time=2021-09-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056176, encodeId=13cf10561e6f0, content=学到了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210511/ddebdec707734c8390a07bd0c1048717/cc11caf5d607430e9f4ca556fed68ab1.jpg, createdBy=2c4d5497888, createdName=自由的像空气, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 18:23:26 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056167, encodeId=bfd0105616e56, content=学习了,以后看着口腔溃疡会想到的更多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/CBFPmSnMe9HXB9ZfuoibLbiaREDTTyLOkW9nNUQVyscb0NFK8ssePjiceYP2SWlhCuISa01JaB5CPDx9icxPyL8Nlg/132, createdBy=77c22479203, createdName=ms6554388223732251, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 17:33:27 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056147, encodeId=afd8105614ed2, content=涨知识了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210926/25301c60248648b0a93bab21015a86f5/963f4290a8f24e0c884eddcf0a1cffc2.jpg, createdBy=c0e35149677, createdName=谭永娇, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 16:13:06 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1056140, encodeId=e73510561405e, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJibu7hwJqpmHiaJgLLmJmcwp0WDTxWI3vqPBO1Mloq21VBOPqziapyibYatvd2QWHWicolL1vbVZHgpRQ/132, createdBy=d16a2107341, createdName=JZ Yang, createdTime=Wed Sep 29 15:46:47 CST 2021, time=2021-09-29, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-09-29 JZ Yang

    学习了

    0