走得越快,活得越久!Nature子刊:走路更快的人,年轻16岁

2022-04-26 Swagpp MedSci原创

Nature子刊:步速与长寿之间存在因果关系,即步速越快,端粒越长,人到中年,生物学年龄将年轻16岁!

走路,可谓是最受欢迎的锻炼方式。它的强度不大,简单易行,适合每一个人。

古语云:饭后百步走,活到九十九。千百年来积累下来的经验告诉我们:走路与长寿有着密切联系。然而,古人并没有明确说,“百步”具体是多少步;到底怎么走、走多快,才能“活到九十九”。

为揭开“走路与寿命关系”之谜,今年3月,发表在The Lancet Public Health上的一项针对5万人的荟萃分析显示,老年人每天走6000-8000步,年轻人每天走8000-10000步,与降低死亡风险相关。

该研究破解了步数与寿命的联系,那么,步速与长寿之间是否也存在关联呢?

图片

图源:The Lancet Public Health

4月20日,来自英国莱斯特大学的研究者在Nature Communications Biology上发表了一篇论文,调查了40万余人的基因遗传数据及步行速度。

结果显示,步速与长寿之间存在因果关系,即步速越快,端粒越长,人到中年,生物学年龄将年轻16岁!

图片

图源Nature Communications Biology

端粒,是存在于染色体末端的一小段DNA-蛋白质复合体,保护染色体末端不被降解、免受损伤。随着年龄的增长,细胞分裂次数的增加,端粒也在不断缩短。长期以来,端粒的长度一直被认为是人类衰老的重要生物标志物。

本研究中,研究者选择白细胞端粒长度(LTL)作为生物年龄的标志,收集了来自英国生物库中405,981名参与者的基因组学数据,并记录下他们自我报告的步行速度,使用计速器对身体活动情况进行评估。

根据报告的步行速度,参与者被分为三组:

  • 慢速组,每小时步行<3英里(约4.8km),占总人数的6.6%;

  • 中速组,每小时步行3-4英里(约4.8-6.4km),占总人数的52.3%;

  • 快速组,每小时步行>4英里(约6.4km),占总人数的41.1%。

排除混杂因素后的模型分析显示,以慢速组为基线,中速组与快速组的LTL明显更长。以模型1为例,在排除了年龄、性别、人种以及白细胞数量的混杂因素后,标准化后中速组与快速组的LTL长度分别为0.066(95%CI:0.053-0.078)和0.101(0.088-0.113)。其他模型组中,虽然关联有所减弱,但差异仍显著存在。

图片

不同步速组与LTL之间的关系

此外,通过腕带计速器收集来的数据显示,通过快步走达到的活动量在总活动量中的占比越大,LTL的长度更长,但总活动量与LTL长度之间没有类似关联

换句话说,活动量更大但步速慢的人,并不能延长寿命;但如果你每天的总运动量大多都来源于快步走,反而更易长寿。

为了得到更为严谨的结论,研究者进一步采用“双向孟德尔随机化分析”,验证步速与寿命的因果关系。

结果表明,步速越快,LTL越长,自然更加长寿,但反之不成立。也就是说,并非LTL更长的人步速更快,而是更快的步速让你拥有更加年轻的身体。

图片

双向孟德尔随机化分析结果

此前有研究显示,年龄每增加一岁,经过Z标准化的LTL长度会缩短0.02439。而本研究中的孟德尔随机化分析结果提示,与慢速组相比,快速组的LTL长度增加了0.384,即慢速组和快速组之间的LTL差异,相当于相差16岁!

综上,本研究表明,步速与寿命存在因果关系:步速越快(每小时步行>约6.4km),端粒越长,寿命越长,且与总活动量无关。

虽然本研究存在着一定的局限性,比如选取的时间有限、人种以白人为主、步速可能存在偏差等,但并不妨碍它提醒人们:养成快步走的习惯,能让身体保持在一个更年轻的状态。

“饭后百步走,活到九十九”更为科学的说法应该是:慢慢百步走,活到九十九;快走八千步,长寿115。

 

参考文献
[1]Dempsey, P.C., Musicha, C., Rowlands, A.V. et al. Investigation of a UK biobank cohort reveals causal associations of self-reported walking pace with telomere length. Commun Biol 5, 381 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03323-x
[2]DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(21)00302-9

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    2022-09-15 liye789132251
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    2022-12-08 cqlidoudou
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    2022-04-28 ms1000000446636419

    如果能研究比较快慢跑和快慢走之间的差异和对寿命的影响就更好了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885750, encodeId=34601885e50b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 17:48:56 CST 2022, time=2022-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1673205, encodeId=23f616e32050e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8c0a926556e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#走路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92655, encryptionId=8c0a926556e, topicName=走路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54d126929591, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 10:48:56 CST 2022, time=2022-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215202, encodeId=9470121520232, content=如果能研究比较快慢跑和快慢走之间的差异和对寿命的影响就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8bc65681925, createdName=ms1000000446636419, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 01:35:30 CST 2022, time=2022-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214453, encodeId=dc8312144539c, content=学习了<a href='/topic/show?id=a27c1039589a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#插入话题#</a> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103958, encryptionId=a27c1039589a, topicName=插入话题)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/gKNgZiaia7XBE8lJLn1fp5u443yIhUNiaN9RztibctRREAGYVEtL7eC22wG0DzYdDiaiaTAEg4HaotaF4icegqk4VQvCA/132, createdBy=d6182579909, createdName=西瓜0628, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 12:44:03 CST 2022, time=2022-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214944, encodeId=14fb12149446f, content=真的和总活动量没有关系的,比如只是做事的时候走的快一点,但是平时上下班都是靠公交车或者开车这种通勤,也没有特意去运动。这个寿命也会增加吗?这样的话平时要尽量快走啊,熬夜的打工人。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=023d5493103, createdName=ms7000002068959874, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 08:05:42 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214943, encodeId=46c31214943d3, content=秀儿~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211231/19f2b786e7254f89aa9029dd7f2d368c/bfa81cf42c784232aa9d74035bc9562e.jpg, createdBy=87105263932, createdName=除痛先锋杨医生, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 07:56:43 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214940, encodeId=c2921214940f3, content=……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78ed8119502, createdName=ms3000000911423644, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 07:29:53 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-26 西瓜0628

    学习了#插入话题#

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885750, encodeId=34601885e50b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 17:48:56 CST 2022, time=2022-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1673205, encodeId=23f616e32050e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8c0a926556e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#走路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92655, encryptionId=8c0a926556e, topicName=走路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54d126929591, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 10:48:56 CST 2022, time=2022-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215202, encodeId=9470121520232, content=如果能研究比较快慢跑和快慢走之间的差异和对寿命的影响就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8bc65681925, createdName=ms1000000446636419, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 01:35:30 CST 2022, time=2022-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214453, encodeId=dc8312144539c, content=学习了<a href='/topic/show?id=a27c1039589a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#插入话题#</a> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103958, encryptionId=a27c1039589a, topicName=插入话题)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/gKNgZiaia7XBE8lJLn1fp5u443yIhUNiaN9RztibctRREAGYVEtL7eC22wG0DzYdDiaiaTAEg4HaotaF4icegqk4VQvCA/132, createdBy=d6182579909, createdName=西瓜0628, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 12:44:03 CST 2022, time=2022-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214944, encodeId=14fb12149446f, content=真的和总活动量没有关系的,比如只是做事的时候走的快一点,但是平时上下班都是靠公交车或者开车这种通勤,也没有特意去运动。这个寿命也会增加吗?这样的话平时要尽量快走啊,熬夜的打工人。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=023d5493103, createdName=ms7000002068959874, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 08:05:42 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214943, encodeId=46c31214943d3, content=秀儿~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211231/19f2b786e7254f89aa9029dd7f2d368c/bfa81cf42c784232aa9d74035bc9562e.jpg, createdBy=87105263932, createdName=除痛先锋杨医生, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 07:56:43 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214940, encodeId=c2921214940f3, content=……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78ed8119502, createdName=ms3000000911423644, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 07:29:53 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-27 ms7000002068959874

    真的和总活动量没有关系的,比如只是做事的时候走的快一点,但是平时上下班都是靠公交车或者开车这种通勤,也没有特意去运动。这个寿命也会增加吗?这样的话平时要尽量快走啊,熬夜的打工人。

    0

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    2022-04-27 除痛先锋杨医生

    秀儿~

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1885750, encodeId=34601885e50b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Thu Sep 15 17:48:56 CST 2022, time=2022-09-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1673205, encodeId=23f616e32050e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=8c0a926556e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#走路#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=92655, encryptionId=8c0a926556e, topicName=走路)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=54d126929591, createdName=cqlidoudou, createdTime=Thu Dec 08 10:48:56 CST 2022, time=2022-12-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1215202, encodeId=9470121520232, content=如果能研究比较快慢跑和快慢走之间的差异和对寿命的影响就更好了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=8bc65681925, createdName=ms1000000446636419, createdTime=Thu Apr 28 01:35:30 CST 2022, time=2022-04-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214453, encodeId=dc8312144539c, content=学习了<a href='/topic/show?id=a27c1039589a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#插入话题#</a> , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=81, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=103958, encryptionId=a27c1039589a, topicName=插入话题)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/gKNgZiaia7XBE8lJLn1fp5u443yIhUNiaN9RztibctRREAGYVEtL7eC22wG0DzYdDiaiaTAEg4HaotaF4icegqk4VQvCA/132, createdBy=d6182579909, createdName=西瓜0628, createdTime=Tue Apr 26 12:44:03 CST 2022, time=2022-04-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214944, encodeId=14fb12149446f, content=真的和总活动量没有关系的,比如只是做事的时候走的快一点,但是平时上下班都是靠公交车或者开车这种通勤,也没有特意去运动。这个寿命也会增加吗?这样的话平时要尽量快走啊,熬夜的打工人。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=023d5493103, createdName=ms7000002068959874, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 08:05:42 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214943, encodeId=46c31214943d3, content=秀儿~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211231/19f2b786e7254f89aa9029dd7f2d368c/bfa81cf42c784232aa9d74035bc9562e.jpg, createdBy=87105263932, createdName=除痛先锋杨医生, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 07:56:43 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1214940, encodeId=c2921214940f3, content=……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=78ed8119502, createdName=ms3000000911423644, createdTime=Wed Apr 27 07:29:53 CST 2022, time=2022-04-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-27 ms3000000911423644

    ……

    0

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