Stroke:脑中风后,皮质脊髓束和beta震荡,和步态障碍息息相关

2021-09-10 Freeman MedSci原创

源自M1锥体神经元的CST微观结构与β振荡活动之间可能存在联系

传统上,β频率范围内的振荡(≈13-30赫兹)与感觉运动处理有关。正在进行的β振荡的运动相关非同步化(MRBD)是对运动行为产生的一个强有力的测量。MRBD被发现与神经元的激活和运动准备及执行有可靠的关系。缺血性中风导致MRBD减少,自20世纪80年代首次描述以来,脑磁图和脑电图研究已反复报道。同侧半球的MRBD缺陷已被纵向评估,并与损伤的程度有关。MRBD主要存在于初级运动皮层(M1)。然而,MRBD的改变也存在于二级运动区,如运动前皮层(PMC)、顶叶脑区和辅助运动区(SMA)。


关于中风后β振荡和MRBD改变的原因和影响因素的争论一直存在。最近的概念表明,β振荡本身可能是在皮层中产生的,也依赖于来自皮层下和皮层的外源性驱动。

另外,代谢特征,如内源性γ-氨基丁酸水平,也可能影响β振荡和MRBD。在中风患者中,结构性损害的程度,包括下行运动通路的病变负荷,连接皮质锥体细胞和低级运动神经元,可能进一步解释β活动的变化。

但令人震惊的是,只有很少的数据显示脑部结构与中风后的振荡活动相关联。例如,一项针对亚急性卒中患者的研究报告了MRBD与病变体积之间的负相关关系。另一项研究使用弥散张量成像来量化皮质脊髓束(CST)的结构完整性,并在慢性中风患者的简单伸手抓握实验中与EEG相结合。作者发现,SMA中MRBD的数量与损伤程度呈正相关,但仅在CST有相关损伤的患者中。然而,这项研究并没有将β振荡/MRBD与CST微结构直接联系起来。回答这个问题将大大扩展我们对大脑结构如何影响皮质脑电活动的机理概念。

事实上,脑成像已经大大增强了我们对脑结构网络在中风后如何发生动态改变以及这些改变与运动恢复的关系的理解。此类研究的主要焦点是CST。它在中风后的完整性或微观结构特性已被深入研究,并用于相关或预测模型,以推断运动输出和恢复。在动物数据的刺激下,CST不仅接受来自M1的输入,还接受来自PMC和SMA锥体神经元的输入,对中风患者的研究表明,来自M1和次级运动区的CST可能影响中风后的恢复。


藉此,德国汉堡大学的Robert Schulz等人,探究了同侧半球M1、PMC和SMA的皮质β振荡和MRBD如何与源自这些运动区的CST的微结构特性相关。因此,他们重新分析了以前报告中18名恢复良好的晚期亚急性卒中患者的数据集,他们在简单的视觉引导的手握实验中,接受了结构成像和任务相关的多通道脑电图。

这个研究对18名恢复良好的中风患者(平均年龄65岁,12名男性)进行了调查,并获取了任务相关脑电图和弥散加权结构MRI。

在同侧半球的3个关键运动区,即初级运动皮层(M1)、腹侧运动前区和辅助运动区,评估了静止时的β功率和运动相关的β非同步化情况。线性混合效应分析用于将与束相关的平均各向异性与EEG测量联系起来。

在该队列中,与健康对照组相比,同侧CST各向异性的统计学意义上的减少,但脑电图指标没有改变。

然而,在脑卒中患者中,M1的静止状态下的β功率(P=0.002)和运动相关的β不同步(P=0.003)与特别源自M1的CST分数各向异性之间存在着明显的联系。

腹侧运动区和辅助运动区,特别是源自运动前皮层和辅助运动区的CST子成分,在卒中患者和对照组中都没有类似的结构-功能关系。

这些数据表明,源自M1锥体神经元的CST微观结构与β振荡活动之间可能存在联系,而在以前的报告中,这些指标已经与中风患者的运动障碍有关。


原文出处:
Schulz R, Bönstrup M, Guder S, et al. Corticospinal Tract Microstructure Correlates With Beta Oscillatory Activity in the Primary Motor Cortex After Stroke. Stroke. Published online August 20, 2021. doi:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034344

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    2022-05-15 xxxx1061
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    2021-09-11 guging

    中风是俗称,应该称为缺血性卒中吧

    0

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脑卒中后癫痫的绝对和相对风险估计值均低于之前的研究。

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