心胸比又可成为新的指标?可作为 COVID-19疑似肺栓塞患者右心室扩大的潜在预测指标

2021-12-10 刘少飞 MedSci原创

心胸比是评估心肌扩大的一个容易计算的指标。它被定义为最大横向心脏尺寸与最大横向胸部尺寸的比值,在胸片上测量到肋骨内表面。任何高于 0.50 的值都被认为是不正确的,可能是心肌病的征兆。

病毒 SARS-CoV-2 会导致病毒性呼吸道感染的一系列症状,在严重的情况下会导致急性呼吸衰竭和死亡。在大流行期间,患者开始表现出除严格的呼吸系统以外的许多并发症,例如涉及神经、血管和心肺系统的并发症。文献提供了大量关于继发于 COVID-19 的一系列心血管并发症的报告。COVID-19 的公认心脏表现是继发于心脏缺血和/或心肌梗塞以及心肌炎的心脏损伤。其他包括心律失常、心源性休克和心肌病。与 COVID-19 感染相关的另一个问题是肺栓塞和深静脉血栓形成的频繁发生,这比其他病毒感染(例如 H1N1 流感病毒)更常见。荟萃分析表明,感染 COVID-19 的患者发生急性肺栓塞和深静脉血栓的发生率分别为 16.5% 和 14.8%,而超过一半的肺栓塞患者未发生深静脉血栓。

除肺栓塞外,右心室扩大可能导致肺动脉瓣狭窄、肺动脉高压、动脉和/或室间隔缺损、三尖瓣关闭不全、肥厚型心肌病、先天性缺陷等。 可以评估右室大小和功能通过超声心动图,计算机断层扫描和磁共振。尽管非常有用,但在 COVID-19 感染患者中,不应常规使用超声心动图方法,因为存在将感染传染给工作人员的风险。另一方面,强调 CT 和 MR 测量的高度一致性。

心胸比是评估心肌扩大的一个容易计算的指标。它被定义为最大横向心脏尺寸与最大横向胸部尺寸的比值,在胸片上测量到肋骨内表面。任何高于 0.50 的值都被认为是不正确的,可能是心肌病的征兆。对于 AP 投影中的 X 线照片,值 > 0.55 被认为是不正确的,这与因 COVID-19 继发的急性呼吸衰竭住院患者的健康状况有关,是基本的 X 线投影。该研究的目的是确定心胸比 (CTR) 作为对疑似继发于 COVID-19 的肺栓塞患者右心室扩大的预测指标的有用性。

研究设计

研究组由 61 名确诊的 COVID-19 患者组成,其中根据体格检查和实验室检查怀疑肺栓塞。使用样本大小计算器确定组大小。选择条件如下:人口规模200万,分数规模0.2,最大误差10%,置信水平95%。研究组要求的最小人数为61人。 纳入研究的标准如下:年龄≥18岁,针对SARS-CoV-2的鼻咽涂片检测呈阳性(检测到存在SARS的N2基因) -CoV-2和/或β冠状病毒科的E基因使用 qRT-PCR 方法)、血液中 D-二聚体浓度增加、临床指示的肺动脉 CTA 和 48 小时内进行的 AP 胸片。研究中的排除标准如下:肺动脉CTA扫描结果不明确,诊断为肺或纵隔癌,胸膜腔/腔内有大量液体,心包囊中有液体。该研究的方法包括对基本人体测量参数和以下诊断图像的分析:肺动脉的 AP 胸片 (CR) 和计算机断层扫描血管造影 (CTA)。根据纳入研究采用的标准,肺动脉CTA与AP胸片之间的间隔不超过48小时。如果在肺动脉 CTA 之前或之后 48 小时内获得了超过 1 个 CR,则使用在肺动脉 CTA 的最短间隔内获得的胸片进行分析。

图 1. AP 投影中胸片的 CTR 测量示例。A:心脏轮廓的横向尺寸,B:胸部的横向尺寸。

研究结果:

研究组患者的平均 CTR 值为 0.57 ± 0.05。60.6% 的受试者被诊断出心脏轮廓的放射学扩大。根据肺动脉 CTA,45.9% 的受试者被诊断为肺栓塞。平均 RV/LV 比值为 0.96 ± 0.23。根据采用的 RV/LV ≥ 0.9 或 RV/LV ≥ 1.0 的标准,右心室扩大被记录在 44.3% 或 29.5% 的受试者中。在对根据诊断肺栓塞划分的亚组进行比较时,发现确诊肺栓塞患者的 CTR 和 RV/LV 显着高于排除肺栓塞的患者。在确诊肺栓塞的患者中,与排除肺栓塞的患者相比,在统计学上发现扩大的心脏轮廓的频率显着更高。这些研究亚组显示肺动脉 CTA 中右心室扩大的频率没有差异。相关性分析表明,RV/LV 和 CTR 之间存在统计学上显着的正相关(r = 0.59,p < 0.05)(图2)。

图 2. 肺动脉 CTA 中 RV/LV 比值与 AP 投影中胸片 CTR 之间的相关性。

基于 ROC 曲线,CTR 值被确定为预测右心室扩大(RV/LV ≥ 0.9 或 RV/LV ≥ 1.0)的最佳截止点,分别为 0.54 和 0.55。CTR 标准 >0.54 作为 RV/LV 比值≥0.9 的预测因子的敏感性、特异性和准确性分别为 0.412、0.963 和 0.656,而 CTR 标准 >0.55 作为 RV/LV 比值的预测因子 ≥ 1.0 分别为 0.488、0.833 和 0.590。综上所述,对于 COVID-19 期间疑似肺栓塞的患者,影像学心胸比可作为右心室扩大的预后因素,尤其是在 CTR 值较低的情况下,可作为右心室扩大的阴性预测因子。

 

参考文献:

Truszkiewicz K, Poręba M, Poręba R, Gać P. Radiological Cardiothoracic Ratio as a Potential Predictor of Right Ventricular Enlargement in Patients with Suspected Pulmonary Embolism Due to COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2021 Dec 4;10(23):5703. doi: 10.3390/jcm10235703. PMID: 34884405.

 

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    2021-12-11 tianhaoo

    心胸比确实是有可能成为口味的难听,他有熏死扩大的一种潜在预测指标的这是一个非常有意义的眼球。

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079010, encodeId=b6de10e9010ff, content=心胸比确实是有可能成为口味的难听,他有熏死扩大的一种潜在预测指标的这是一个非常有意义的眼球。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211211/a510eee71973452ea96ab2c8c93e1e05/a6c2263f0cb14f838ae32390d2fbd72b.jpg, createdBy=39735315045, createdName=tianhaoo, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 10:40:51 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079031, encodeId=eb5f10e90313f, content=好文章,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 12:38:27 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1080696, encodeId=4c191080696ce, content=好厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f8a35439329, createdName=ms3000000920707852, createdTime=Thu Dec 16 10:52:12 CST 2021, time=2021-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407076, encodeId=693f140e0761d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fa7c100231a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预测指标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100231, encryptionId=fa7c100231a5, topicName=预测指标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10c72588657, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Sun Dec 12 12:37:41 CST 2021, time=2021-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543797, encodeId=b85c1543e97cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d93862e06' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#右心室#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38627, encryptionId=52d93862e06, topicName=右心室)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f18d13610637, createdName=124988c7m99暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 12 12:37:41 CST 2021, time=2021-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-12-11 yangchou

    好文章,谢谢分享。

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    2021-12-16 ms3000000920707852

    好厉害

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  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079010, encodeId=b6de10e9010ff, content=心胸比确实是有可能成为口味的难听,他有熏死扩大的一种潜在预测指标的这是一个非常有意义的眼球。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211211/a510eee71973452ea96ab2c8c93e1e05/a6c2263f0cb14f838ae32390d2fbd72b.jpg, createdBy=39735315045, createdName=tianhaoo, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 10:40:51 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1079031, encodeId=eb5f10e90313f, content=好文章,谢谢分享。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTJlfgys76DEiaNtbYo2re3ibjrUPTRibEXRyFwAB4aAGiave842S0FQDf0wAoaH226NiaSoPPDzhndsf1g/132, createdBy=88b489038, createdName=yangchou, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 12:38:27 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1080696, encodeId=4c191080696ce, content=好厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=70, replyNumber=1, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f8a35439329, createdName=ms3000000920707852, createdTime=Thu Dec 16 10:52:12 CST 2021, time=2021-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1407076, encodeId=693f140e0761d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fa7c100231a5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#预测指标#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=100231, encryptionId=fa7c100231a5, topicName=预测指标)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=10c72588657, createdName=anminleiryan, createdTime=Sun Dec 12 12:37:41 CST 2021, time=2021-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1543797, encodeId=b85c1543e97cf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=52d93862e06' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#右心室#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38627, encryptionId=52d93862e06, topicName=右心室)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f18d13610637, createdName=124988c7m99暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Dec 12 12:37:41 CST 2021, time=2021-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]

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