BMC Med:来自11个国家和地区的86,931名2型糖尿病患者的家族史和自我管理与确诊年龄和心脏代谢风险的联合关联

2022-07-27 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

家族史(FamH)是二型糖尿病的一个强风险因素,证据是同卵双胞胎比异卵双胞胎的一致性率更高。

背景:2019年,全球9.3%的成年人口受糖尿病影响,其中50%生活在亚洲。大多数人(95%)患有二型糖尿病,表现为不同程度的胰岛素抵抗和缺乏,通常伴有心脏代谢危险因素的聚集。糖尿病的延迟诊断和管理会导致生活质量下降、多病和过早死亡。在40岁之前诊断出的年轻发病的二型糖尿病已经变得越来越普遍。年轻发病的二型糖尿病的增长负担是多因素的,包括但不限于遗传、围产期因素、儿童肥胖和不健康的生活方式。在基于临床的亚洲联合糖尿病评估(JADE)登记中,1/5的亚洲成年人患有早发性二型糖尿病,他们对心脏代谢危险因素的控制比他们的晚发性疾病同龄人差。在这些年轻人中,数十年的心脏代谢风险因素暴露可导致过早并发症和死亡,并产生社会经济影响。

家族史(FamH)是二型糖尿病的一个强风险因素,证据是同卵双胞胎比异卵双胞胎的一致性率更高。患有糖尿病家族史的人二型糖尿病病发病早,并且高血压、血脂异常和肥胖的风险增加。除了共有的基因型,糖尿病家族可能反映共有的行为和环境,如生活方式(缺乏锻炼、不健康饮食、饮酒和吸烟)和社会经济地位(教育、就业和家庭收入)。另一方面,一些研究人员报道,与FamH相关的二型糖尿病风险降低了40-80 %,这可能是由于感知风险增加和改变生活方式以降低风险的动机。

糖尿病是一种复杂的疾病,包括但不限于遗传、围产期、人口统计、认知-心理-行为、环境和生态因素,其中FamH是其中一些因素的代表,通过自我管理和获得护理来影响诊断年龄和临床结果 。尽管有这种可能性,但在二型糖尿病,关于FamH和行为因素对疾病发作和心脏代谢风险的交互作用的数据很少。在这项研究中,我们假设FamH与不健康的生活方式相互作用,使诊断年龄提前,加上以自我血糖监测(SMBG)为代表的次优自我管理,与没有FamH的患者相比,心脏代谢危险因素的控制恶化。我们认为,虽然FamH本身是一个不可改变的危险因素,但FamH可以作为一个简单的替代物,用于识别高危个体,以强化生活方式的改变来延缓疾病的发作,以及自我管理支持计划来改善对心脏代谢危险因素的控制。

目的:我们使用来自亚洲多中心糖尿病登记的数据来检验这一假设,这些数据记录了诊断年龄、生活方式、SMBG和心脏代谢危险因素。

方法:对2007-2021年来自11个亚洲国家/地区的427个诊所的糖尿病患者进行横断面分析,我们将阳性家庭定义为受影响的父母/兄弟姐妹,自我管理为(1)健康的生活方式(均衡饮食、不使用烟酒、经常锻炼)和(2)定期自我监测血糖(SMBG)。

结果:86,931例2型糖尿病患者平均年龄(56.6±11.6)岁,发病年龄(49.8±10.5)岁,不同地区家族性高血压患病率为39.1%~85.3%,以母亲家族性高血压最常见(32.5%)。FAMH组(n=51,705;59.5%)较非FAMH组早4.6年确诊[平均(95%CI):47.947.8~48.0vs.52.5vs.52.452.6vs.52.4vs.52.452.6,对数P<0.001]。在FAMH组中,父母双方均受影响的患者确诊时年龄最早[44.6(44.5-44.8)岁],其次是单亲患者[47.7(47.6-47.8)岁]和单亲患者[51.5(51.3-51.7)岁,对数P<0.001]。FAMH+≥-2健康生活方式组与非FAMH+<2健康生活方式组确诊时年龄相近[48.2(48.1-48.3)岁]和[50.1(49.8-50.5)岁]。有受影响父母的FAMH组患高血糖、高血压和血脂异常的几率比有受影响兄弟姐妹的FAMH组高,而非FAMH组发生高血糖、高血压和血脂异常的几率最低。自我管理(健康的生活方式加上SMBG)与HbA1c<7%、血压< 130/80mmHg和LDL-C < 2.6 mmol/L的较高几率相关,特别是在FamH组(FamH×自我管理,p比值= 0.050–0.001)。

图1亚洲11个国家/地区二型糖尿病患者家族史患病率。条形末尾的数字显示了相应国家/地区中有糖尿病家族史的患者(父亲、母亲和/或兄弟姐妹)的比例

图2 Kaplan-Meier根据家族史分层的诊断年龄估计值。FamH,糖尿病家族史(父亲、母亲和/或兄弟姐妹)。该图显示了(A)总体研究人群[52.5,95%可信区间52.4–52.6]与[47.9,95%可信区间47.8–49.0],(B)中国[53.7,95%可信区间53.3–54.1]与[49.6,95%可信区间49.2–50.0],(C)香港[54.4 95%置信区间47.3–48.6],(H)菲律宾[55.3,95%置信区间54.9–55.6]对[49.7,95%置信区间49.4–50.0],(I)新加坡[53.1,95%置信区间51.3–54.8]对[46.9,95%置信区间45.7–48.0],(J)台湾[54.3,95%置信区间53.6–53.6用对数秩检验进行的所有比较显示p<0.001

图3根据影响父母和/或兄弟姐妹的家族史分层的Kaplan-Meier诊断年龄估计值。FamH,糖尿病家族史(父亲、母亲和/或兄弟姐妹)。该图显示了(A)总体研究人群[52.5,95%可信区间52.4–52.6]与[51.5,95%可信区间51.3–51.7]与[47.7,95%可信区间47.6–47.8]与[44.6,95% 95%可信区间54.3–54.8]对[52.8,95%可信区间52.4–53.2]对[48.7,95%可信区间48.5–48.9]对[45.7,95%可信区间45.3–46.1],(D)印度[48.6,95%可信区间48.4–48.7]对[48.0,95%可信区间47.7–48.4]对[48.7 (H)菲律宾[55.3,95%可信区间54.9-55.6]对[53.5,95%可信区间52.9-54.1]对[49.0,95%可信区间48.7-49.3]对[46.7,95%可信区间46.0-47.4],(I)新加坡[52.5,95%可信区间51.9–53.1]对[48.0,95%可信区间47.5–48.5]对[47.3,95%可信区间45.9–48.8]。用对数秩检验进行的所有比较显示p <0.001

图4 Kaplan-Meier根据家族史和健康生活方式分层的诊断年龄估计值。FamH,糖尿病家族史(父亲、母亲和/或兄弟姐妹)。健康的生活方式包括足够的体育活动(每周至少3次,每次30分钟),坚持均衡饮食,从不或偶尔饮酒,从不或曾经吸烟。该图显示了(A)总体研究人群[50.1,95%可信区间49.8–50.5]与[52.8,95%可信区间52.7–52.9]与[46.0,95%可信区间45.8–46.2]的平均诊断年龄(年) 95%可信区间54.4–57.6]对[59.5,95%可信区间58.7–60.2]对[52.0,95%可信区间51.1–53.0]对[54.5,95%可信区间54.0–55.0],(D)印度[51.5,95%可信区间49.5–53.5]对[52.9,95%可信区间52.3–53.5]对[44.5] (H)菲律宾[53.7,95%可信区间51.8-55.6]对[58.6,95%可信区间57.7-59.5]对[51.6,95%可信区间49.9-53.2]对[53.7,95%可信区间52.9-54.5],(I)新加坡[53.0,95%可信区间53.0-53.0 用对数秩检验进行的所有比较显示p <0.05

图6影响父母和/或兄弟姐妹心脏代谢谱的家族史的二元逻辑回归。所有模型都根据年龄、性别、教育程度(中学及以上与小学及以下)、职业(工人与非工人)、药物使用(口服降糖药、胰岛素、调脂药、降压药和肾素-血管紧张素系统抑制剂)、体育活动、坚持平衡饮食、饮酒、吸烟状况、自我血糖监测、糖尿病持续时间、登记年份和招募国家/地区进行了调整。高血糖= HbA1c > 7% (53 mmol/mol)或空腹血糖> 7 mmol/L。高血压=血压≥ 140/90 mmHg或服用任何降压药。血脂异常=低密度脂蛋白胆固醇≥ 2.6毫摩尔/升,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇< 1毫摩尔/升,甘油三酯≥ 2.3毫摩尔/升,或服用任何调脂药物。“ABC”目标是指HbA1c <7% (53毫摩尔/摩尔)(A),血压< 130/80毫米汞柱(B),LDL-C < 2.6毫摩尔/升(C)。***p<0.001,*p<0.01,*p<0.05。AOR =调整后的优势比,95%可信区间= 95%

结论:在亚洲,FamH是常见的,与年轻的诊断年龄相关,健康的生活方式可能会延迟诊断,而自我管理与更好地控制心脏代谢危险因素相关,特别是在FamH患者中。

原文出处: Cheung JTK,  Lau E,  Tsui CCT,et al.Combined associations of family history and self-management with age at diagnosis and cardiometabolic risk in 86,931 patients with type 2 diabetes: Joint Asia Diabetes Evaluation (JADE) Register from 11 countries.BMC Med 2022 Jul 14;20(1)

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1975218, encodeId=abdf19e521874, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f145355379' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#BMC#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=45, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=3553, encryptionId=f145355379, topicName=BMC)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Fri Oct 21 22:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1337257, encodeId=93b4133e257dd, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f4c251404aa' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏代谢#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51404, encryptionId=f4c251404aa, topicName=心脏代谢)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIUEDhSibBFt8TicgFCCSBtW10SxVJicDpibTCucns8L1YaiaKpibWOkv8hYpJ0LeTVUH1Ab4sfica9bxiccA/132, createdBy=dd282500126, createdName=ms3830150583600765, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1383808, encodeId=7e6d1383808e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=196a1101f7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#2型糖尿病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=1101, encryptionId=196a1101f7, topicName=2型糖尿病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ec19483, createdName=aids213, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1435102, encodeId=dcb61435102d6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b3718618000' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自我管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86180, encryptionId=b3718618000, topicName=自我管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1475315, encodeId=91b514e531500, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=935fe6718e3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病患者#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76718, encryptionId=935fe6718e3, topicName=糖尿病患者)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a38f7243741, createdName=xue8604, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1479829, encodeId=466b14e982944, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=fe7e4641ed7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#家族史#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=46417, encryptionId=fe7e4641ed7, topicName=家族史)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8f367584357, createdName=396094184_42047357, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1546007, encodeId=d8f4154600eed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=31a351414ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心脏代谢风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=51414, encryptionId=31a351414ef, topicName=心脏代谢风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=caae13850815, createdName=ms8538335253054589, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611674, encodeId=174616116e423, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Tue Jul 26 03:17:56 CST 2022, time=2022-07-26, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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Cardiovasc Diabetol:甘油三酯-葡萄糖指数和剩余SYNTAX评分在预测接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的2型糖尿病患者中期主要心脏不良事件中的协同作用

胰岛素抵抗(IR)是T2DM的一个特征,已被证明与动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病的发生、发展和预后显著相关。