Alzherimer’s&Dementia:体检报告都是脑萎缩,结局却大不同!

2021-05-05 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

不同区域萎缩亚型分类有望预测患者认知衰退的不同后续模式和向痴呆不同病因的转换率。

脑萎缩是一个影像学的诊断,头颅CT或者磁共振(MRI)检查时,发现脑灰质减少,脑沟变深,影像科医生出报告的时候会报“脑萎缩”。脑萎缩病理学上表现为脑组织体积缩小,细胞数目减少,脑室和蛛网膜下腔扩大。但脑萎缩并不都是病态的,通常包括生理性脑萎缩和病理性脑萎缩。

最近的研究表明,通过结构MRI对脑萎缩亚型进行分类,使其具有典型的(即海马和新皮质关联区)、海马保留区或边缘为主的萎缩模式,可以识别包括阿尔茨海默病(AD)的生物学和临床有意义的表现。

基于MRI数据与tau正电子发射断层扫描(PET)或尸检病理学的比较,这种分类已被提议作为AD患者大脑中tau病变分布的替代标记。同时,有研究提示,脑萎缩亚型与AD和AD前驱期的不同认知下降有关。因此,这种基于MRI的方法可以为临床试验中快速进展者的分层提供有用的生物标志物。

由于以前的研究主要基于病理生理学假设,样本仅限于淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)阳性生物标志物的患者、遗忘型轻度认知障碍(MCI)患者和/或痴呆和AD临床综合征患者。因此,脑萎缩亚型是否可以表征和预测人群中神经退行性疾病的不同病因,反映记忆诊所中患者的多种认知表现尚不清楚。

为此,由法国波尔多大学神经退行性疾病及神经科学研究中心专家领衔开展的MENTOLT研究给出了答案,结果发表在最新的Alzheimer’ Dementia杂志上。该研究共纳入2083名在研究开始时有主观认知障碍或MCI的门诊患者,接受了为期4年的随访。使用基线MRI和先前描述的算法定义萎缩亚型。

在4年的随访期内,共发生213例痴呆症,发病率为3.0/100人·年。在整个分析样本和Aβ阳性的参与者中,典型/弥漫性脑萎缩与较快的认知能力下降有关,并且随着时间的推移患痴呆症和AD的风险最高。

具体说来,痴呆的发病率因萎缩亚型而异,与最小/无萎缩组(1.4/100 人·年)相比,典型/弥漫脑萎缩组痴呆发生率近乎高5倍(6.6/100人·年)!

根据脑萎缩的类型,按照年龄、性别、教育水平和人口状况调整线性混合模型显示的4年内的认知变化。

同时,与最小/无萎缩组相比,在调整年龄、性别、APOEε4状态和教育水平后,典型/弥漫性脑萎缩(HR=4.93 [3.46-7.03])、边缘系统为主的萎缩(HR = 1.70 [1.01-2.87])和海马保留性脑萎缩组(HR = 1.78 [1.07-2.96])参与者发生痴呆的风险也明显增加。

由此可见,不同区域萎缩亚型分类有望预测患者认知衰退的不同后续模式和向痴呆不同病因的转换率。

 

参考文献:

Planche V, et al. Clinical relevance of brain atrophy subtypes categorization in memory clinics. Alzheimers Dement. 2021 Apr;17(4):641-652. doi: 10.1002/alz.12231.

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    2021-11-05 chendoc252
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    2021-05-07 marongnuan
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肥胖者患抑郁症的风险增加了约55%,而糖尿病将使这一风险再增加一倍。这项研究结果强调了解决当前全球肥胖流行的重要性。肥胖、年龄增加再加上糖尿病,是导致认知能力下降、阿尔茨海默病等精神健康问题的重要因素

新研究发现男性当爹大脑皮层会萎缩,体积损失1%或者2%

最近有研究已经证明,男性也会受到产后抑郁的影响

你的高脂饮食不仅扩大腰围,还致大脑萎缩!

随着世界人口的老龄化,预计到2050年,患有痴呆症的成年人将达到1.5亿左右,其中阿尔茨海默病占痴呆症患者的60%—80%。