Eur Radiol:如何预测慢性过敏性肺炎患者不会呼吸的痛——肺间质纤维化?

2021-01-08 shaosai MedSci原创

过敏性肺炎具有各种各样的临床进展类型,如何预测患者临床发病进展及纤维化风险是非常有挑战性的,但这种挑战不是没有可能完成的!

       过敏性肺炎是一种因各种吸入性过敏原而引起过敏反应所致的肺内弥漫性间质性疾病,主要分为急性炎性HP和慢性纤维化性HP。一旦在HRCT或肺组织标本中出现的纤维化改变,则提示为慢性纤维化性HP。

       慢性HP的临床进程及预后是多变的。有些患者病情相对稳定,有些患者可不同程度恢复;然而,还有一些患者会出现病情进展,甚至会出现急性呼吸功能不全。HP具有各种各样的临床进展类型,如何预测患者临床发病进展及纤维化风险是非常有挑战性的,但这种挑战不是没有可能完成的!


       近日,Eur Radiol上发表的一篇名为Serial changes of CT findings in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: imaging trajectories and predictors of fibrotic progression and acute exacerbation的论文通过对慢性HP患者进行多次HRCT随访观察,明确了慢性HP出现纤维化进展和急性加重(AE)的危险因素。这岂不是让人心振奋,以后再遇到类似病例,就能够很好的进行危险分层及临床监管了。

       该研究回顾性分析了有多次CT随访复查的慢性HP患者临床及HRCT图像资料。对基线信息和连续随访的CT图像进行了半定量评估。 纤维化评分定义为网状和蜂窝状区域的总和。同时评价了有关Fleischner学会特发性肺纤维化诊断指南中的改良CT特征。采用Cox比例风险回归以确定与纤维化进展和AE相关的重要因素。

图. 65岁慢性过敏性肺炎患者, 发病时、1年及3年HRCT复出图像。双肺可见多发网格、索条、牵拉性支气管扩张及蜂窝等间质性纤维化HRCT征象逐年加重

       该研究共纳入的91名患者中,平均年龄为59.1岁,女性为61.5%。 中位随访期为4.9年。共有79名患者(86.8%)显示出纤维化进展,表现为“马赛克”区域持续存在并最后被纤维化所替代,其中20名(22.0%)出现了AE。在调整临床协变量后,基线纤维化评分和寻常型间质性肺炎(UIP)/可能的UIP的CT特征是预测向纤维化进展(危险比[HR] = 1.05,95%置信区间[CI] = 1.02-1.09,p <0.001, 纤维化评分; HR = 2.50,CI = 1.50-4.16,p <0.001,CT特征)和AEs(HR = 1.07,CI = 1.01-1.13,p = 0.019,纤维化评分; HR = 5.47,CI = 1.23-24.45,p = 0.026,CT特征)的独立危险因素。

图. 基于基线时纤维化评分分组,患者随访HRCT肺实质内异常表现变化

图.基于基线时纤维化评分分组后,间质纤维化进展 Kaplan–Meier曲线图

 

图.基于基线时纤维化评分分组后急性加重的累积发生率和基于Fleischner学会特发性间质性肺炎诊断标准的寻常性间质性纤维化的CT表现类型

       通过本研究发现:在慢性HP患者中,纤维化进展和AE的发生率占86.8%和22.0%。基线时具有UIP /可能的UIP的纤维化评分以及相应的HRCT特征是能够提示慢性HP患者具有向肺间质纤维化进展和发生急性加重风险可能的。


写在后面

       慢性过敏性肺炎的临床进程或好或坏,或稳定。在影像的诊断评估及临床治疗中,如何能够找出患者有病情恶化的倾向才是临床医师及影像科医师在诊疗过程中的重中之重!一旦发生肺间质纤维化,往往是不可逆的,有时还是继续进展的。

         慢性过敏性肺炎患者不会呼吸的痛,我们不要!

原始出处:

Jooae Choe,Eun Jin Chae,Yeon Joo Kim,et al. Serial changes of CT findings in patients with chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis: imaging trajectories and predictors of fibrotic progression and acute exacerbation. PMID:33241510DOI:10.1007/s00330-020-07469-2

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    2021-01-15 ms2000001863300220

    想做预测模型,刚好可以参考

    0

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    2021-01-08 wxl882001

    了解

    0

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“先拍个片子吧。“许多患者到医院就诊时,听到最多就是这么一句话。医生需要根据患者的医学影像,来判断病情进行治疗。大多数人担心