循环线粒体DNA可预测COVID-19患者不良结局和死亡风险

2021-01-16 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

线粒体DNA(mtDNA)是一种独特的DNA分子类型,是在细胞线粒体内发现的脱氧核糖核酸特殊形态,通常驻留在细胞的能量工厂中。线粒体DNA一旦释放到血液,这表明体内正在发生某种特定类型细胞的死亡。

线粒体DNAmtDNA)是一种独特的DNA分子类型,是在细胞线粒体内发现的脱氧核糖核酸特殊形态,通常驻留在细胞的能量工厂中。线粒体DNA一旦释放到血液,这表明体内正在发生某种特定类型细胞的死亡。那么,mtDNA的释放是否与COVID-19不良结局有关,尚不确定。

114日,发表在JCI Insight杂志的一项研究发现,血浆中循环mtDNA可作为COVID-19不良结局和死亡率的预测因子。在需要插管的患者中,循环mtDNA水平急剧升高。同时,在调整了年龄,性别和合并症之后,高循环mtDNA水平是其独立危险因素。另外,与临床确定的全身性炎症指标相比,循环mtDNA水平相当或更好。

在这项研究中,研究人员评估了来自2020326-426107COVID-19成人患者,其中10名患者没有收集到样品,最终纳入试验人群共97名,中位年龄为65岁,男性占55.6%,中位随访时间为81天。

为了评估COVID-19患者中mtDNA水平,研究人员首先建立的原位定量PCR方法来测定在血浆中线粒体细胞色素bmt-Cytb)片段。死于COVID-19的患者的血浆mt-Cytb水平升高。另外,当调整年龄,性别和2个以上的合并症等,mt-Cytb水平是死亡率的独立危险因素。与那些未入住ICU的患者相比,最终入ICU和经插管的COVID-19患者血浆mt-Cytb水平升高的多,这种关联与患者的年龄,性别和基本健康状况无关。

高循环mtDNA水平预测COVID-19患者的死亡风险更高

高循环mtDNA水平预测COVID-19患者的ICU的风险较高

高循环mtDNA水平预测COVID-19患者的插管的风险较高

具体而言,患有严重肺功能障碍或最终死亡的COVID-19患者的血浆中mtDNA水平高出10倍。与较低水平的患者相比,mtDNA水平较高的COVID-19患者被插管的可能性高出近6倍,被送入ICU的可能性高出3倍,而死亡几率几乎高出2倍。

此外,循环mtDNA水平的高低预测了目前COVID-19住院患者的结局,甚至优于现有的炎症标记。研究人员白表示,COVID-19患者中测得的大多数其他炎症标志物,包括仍在研究中的,都是全身性炎症的一般标志物,而不是特定细胞死亡的炎症标志物。而mtDNA本身会驱动炎症的发生,是受损的实体器官释放的内在的炎性核酸。在COVID-19患者中,早有证据表明细胞在肺,心脏和肾脏中受到损害。因此,血浆中的mtDNA可能是引发细胞死亡的早期迹象。

总之,循环mtDNA水平高的COVID-19患者更有可能需要ICU级护理和插管,且死亡风险更高。此外,mtDNA定量可预测COVID-19不良结局,与当前临床实践中常用的炎症指标以及某些新兴的标志物相当或更好。如果这种方法允许直接在血液中定量mtDNA的水平,就能在1个小时内得到了结果,就能在入院的最初24小时内确定患者是否需要透析,插管或药物治疗。

原始出处

Scozzi D, Cano M, et al. Circulating mitochondrial DNA is an early indicator of severe illness and mortality from COVID-19JCI Insight. Jan. 14, 2021. 

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