又一项人造子宫研究将启动,计划2025年前投入临床使用

2019-10-13 佚名 医谷综合报道

近日,有报道称,欧盟“地平线2020计划”拨出一笔巨款,290万欧元(约合人民币2320万元),供科学家研发人造子宫。

近日,有报道称,欧盟“地平线2020计划”拨出一笔巨款,290万欧元(约合人民币2320万元),供科学家研发人造子宫。

据了接,该研究将由荷兰埃因霍温理工大学、荷兰Máxima医疗中心联合进行。按照设计,这款人造子宫充满类似羊水的液体,自带血液循环系统。胎儿脐带会和人工胎盘相连,从而接受氧气和营养。此外,研究小组将在人造子宫上,安装各种传感器,模拟妈妈的体温、心跳。研究小组计划,在2025年前,完成相关试验,并投入临床使用。

人造子宫的创想,最早出现于1924年,由英国进化生物学家、遗传学家J.B.S.Haldane提出。他预测,到2074年,约70%的婴儿将是“体外孕育、诞生”的,此后,科学界对此进行了不断的探索和研究。其中,人造子宫研究最具开创性意义的事件发生在2017年。

时年,美国费城儿童医院的一个研究团队打造了一个人造子宫,研究人员用塑料做成类似子宫的容器,并在其内装满了独特的实验室生产的液体和盐,这个系统有效地模仿了子宫内的情况。因为发育中的肺无法呼吸大气中的氧气,这个步骤允许发育中的胎儿来呼吸流入和流出袋子的人造羊水,它还包含为了健康发育所有必要的营养和生长因子。此外,该人造子宫还接有人造子宫接有专门管道,每天注入定量“羊水”,确保生活其中的羊羔获得新鲜供给。

研究中,研究人员对8头早产羊羔进行了测试,其中5头相当于23周人类早产儿大小,另外3头孕周略长,研究人员把早产羔羊放置在流体薄膜袋中,然后将脐带附着到模仿母亲胎盘的外部充氧器,这使得胎儿能够用自己的心脏将血液输送到身体和子宫外,而不需要外部的帮助。

早产羔羊被密封在袋子里,隔离在无菌环境中,并保护免于受到压力和光线的变化,时间长达28天,在这段期间,它们保持健康、自然发育、呼吸正常、睁开眼睛、移动、而且甚至长出羊毛,也没有表现出有并发症。4周后,研究人员将羊幼体从生物袋中取出,除部分小羊有轻微肺炎外,其他各项生理机能正常。

1年后,研究人员对小羊再做检测,结果显示,这些小羊均健康正常,有媒体报道称,这是第一次有动物通过类似实验,健康活下来。

彼时,研究团队与美国FDA开始商谈,希望能在3至5年内展开人体实验。他们称,无意取代人体子宫或挑战胚胎生存极限,只希望探索更好方法照顾过早出生的胎儿。

据WHO统计发现,全球每十个婴儿里,就有一个是早产儿,当早产儿太小(比如不足28周的极端早产)时,存活率就极低,不到23周的早产儿生存几率近乎为零,23周时只有15%,24周时也只有55%。即使存活,他们也可能因早产而留下终身并发症,比如身体残疾、学习障碍、慢性肺病、或听觉视觉疾患,而上述新突破的出现或将为广大早产儿带来福音。

不过,也有专家指出,从技术看,人造子宫尚不成熟。以美国费城儿童医院的人造子宫为例,它仍是一个孵化器,是在孕育最后阶段、发挥子宫的功能,以提高早产儿的存活率。其技术并不足以支撑全部的生育过程。

另也有发展心理学家指出:“胎儿生长、发育的环境,不仅仅是调节激素这么简单,你不能指望简单地加几滴激素或蛋白质,就复制出一个子宫。在母体外生长的胚胎,与正常发育胚胎的究竟有何不同?我们还了解得太少。”

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    2019-10-15 一天没事干

    很好的学习机会

    0

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