Lancet子刊:AngII受体拮抗剂氯沙坦减少老年痴呆脑萎缩的安全性和有效性分析

2021-11-06 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

轻度至中度AD的患者使用洛沙坦治疗12个月耐受性良好,但对降低脑萎缩率没有效果。

既往研究表明,改变血管紧张素II(AngII)信号的药物可以减少阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理变化,从而降低疾病的进展速度。近期,来自英国布里斯托尔医学院转化健康科学学院痴呆症研究小组的专家研究了与安慰剂相比,AngII受体拮抗剂氯沙坦是否能减少临床诊断的轻度至中度AD的脑容量损失,结果发表在Lancet Neurology杂志上。

在这项双盲、多中心、随机对照试验中,符合条件的55岁以上的患者,以前未接受过AngII药物治疗,被诊断为(美国国家神经和通信疾病及中风研究所和阿尔茨海默病及相关疾病协会标准)轻度至中度AD,并具有同意能力,从英国国家卫生服务机构的23家医院招募。

在经历了为期4周的开放标签阶段的积极治疗后,参与者被随机分配(1:1)每天口服100mg氯沙坦或匹配的安慰剂,为期12个月。根据年龄和基线颞叶内侧萎缩得分最小化,在线进行或通过电话的针式访问服务进行。根据意向性治疗原则分析的主要结果是基线和12个月之间全脑体积的变化,使用体积MRI测量并通过边界移动间隔(BSI)分析确定。

2014年7月22日至2018年5月17日期间,261名参与者进入开放标签阶段。211人被随机分配到氯沙坦(n=105)或安慰剂(n=106)。在完成研究的197名(93%)参与者中,171名(81%)有完整的主要结果数据。洛沙坦组的平均脑容量(BSI)减少了19.1毫升(SD 10.3),安慰剂组为20.0毫升(10.8)。

试验流程示意图

组间总体积减少的差异为-2.29毫升(95% CI -6.46至0.89;P=0.14)。不良事件的数量很低(氯沙坦组22例,安慰剂组20例),治疗组之间没有差异。每个治疗组有一个治疗相关的死亡。

综上,轻度至中度AD的患者使用氯沙坦治疗12个月耐受性良好,但对降低脑萎缩率没有效果。需要进一步的研究来评估轻度认知障碍患者早期治疗或较长治疗时间的潜在治疗效果。

 

参考文献:

Safety and efficacy of losartan for the reduction of brain atrophy in clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (the RADAR trial): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(21)00263-5

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    2022-04-19 howi
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    2022-01-14 chendoc252
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    2021-11-06 neuro.Dr

    老年性痴呆,未来还是希望借助神经电生理吧,也许更为有效!

    0

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血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂对右心室(RV)功能的影响尚不明确。血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂对获得性左心室功能障碍患者有益,而近期有研究提示其对系统性RV功能障碍的有症状的患者有良好的疗效。现Jouke P. Bokma等人开展实验评估氯沙坦,一种血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂,对法洛四联症修补术后的成人肺下RV功能障碍的影响进行研究。REDEFINE试验(法洛四联症的右心室功能障碍:抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统)

Circulation:氯沙坦对成人法洛四联症是否有效?

有关血管紧张素II受体阻滞剂(ARBs)对右心室(RV)功能的影响目前尚不清楚。 ARB对于获得性左心室(LV)功能障碍患者具有一定的益处,最近的一些研究结果表明,在有全身症状的RV功能障碍患者中ARBs有良好的效果。近期,一项发表在杂志Circulation上的研究旨在确定氯沙坦(losartan,一种ARB)对法洛四联症(rTOF)修复后成年人肺下RV功能不全的影响。此项研究是一项多中心前瞻性