JNNP:采用聚焦超声丘脑切开术治疗原发性震颤:为什么对FUS这么大惊小怪?

2021-03-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

目前,难治性原发性震颤(ET)的外科治疗主要围绕两种途径:通过脑深部刺激(DBS)进行神经调节和丘脑腹侧中间核(VIM)立体定向毁损(丘脑切开术)。丘脑切开术可以使用各种技术进行,包括侵入性手术射频热

目前,难治性原发性震颤(ET)的外科治疗主要围绕两种途径:通过脑深部刺激(DBS)进行神经调节和丘脑腹侧中间核(VIM)立体定向毁损(丘脑切开术)。丘脑切开术可以使用各种技术进行,包括侵入性手术射频热凝(RF)和激光间质热疗(LITT),或无创伽玛刀(GK)立体定向放射外科(SRS)和磁共振引导聚焦超声(FUS)。后者是最新的方法,并于2016年被美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准用于单侧震颤治疗。当考虑对ET进行手术治疗时,运动障碍神经学家会将患者介绍给神经外科医生。 

FUS的发展使得功能性神经外科界对DBS相关病变手术的兴趣日益增加。这项研究的目的是:(1)量化ET损伤 (2)比较采用FUS丘脑切除术治疗震颤与其他治疗方式的治疗效果(3)研究采用FUS的潜在原因。

通过分析美国立体定向与功能神经外科学会(ASSFN)和欧洲立体定向与功能神经外科学会(ESSFN)2010年至2019年会议上发表的论文,评估了神经外科医生对神经调节相关损伤治疗的整体兴趣。 以确定任何适应症的损伤(RF、SRS、LITT、FUS、其他或使用未指明形式的损伤)或神经调节技术(DBS或其他)的使用。 通过统计每种检查方法的年度发表数量,评估对ET丘脑切除术的特殊兴趣。使用“原发性震颤”和每种模式的关键词(“射频”或“热凝”、“脑深部刺激”、“放射外科”或“伽玛刀”、“聚焦超声”)搜索Scopus数据库。 搜索于2020年4月20日进行,仅限于2020年前发表论文的标题、摘要和关键词。 只包括原创文章和排除评论。

通过联系每种治疗方式的单位,使用其技术治疗ET的患者,评估各种损伤技术的采用情况。FUS数据由Insightec提供。GK数据由Leksell伽玛刀协会(瑞典斯德哥尔摩)提供。为ET执行的DBS治疗数据不可用。因此,根据2011年美国每10万人口中0.45人的DBS植入率估计ET的植入率,2019年美国人口为3.275亿,并假设美国可能占总植入率的40%。假设ET的植入率在2011年至2019年期间没有增加,FUS丘脑切除术患者本应进行DBS植入。假设DBS植入率在2011年至2019年期间增加,并且FUS丘脑切除术是在不符合DBS条件的患者中进行的。

2010年至2020年间,共举行了10次ASSFN或ESSFN会议。每次ASSFN或ESSFN会议平均分别进行52次和178次口头陈述。虽然损伤(所有技术和适应症的结合)在讨论中占少数,但归因于损伤的口头陈述比例从2010年ASSFN会议的2%(1/64)增加到2018年版的25%(11/44)。在ESSFN会议上没有观察到这种趋势,在与病变相关的口头陈述中,始终有11%–14%(20–27/91–105)。2018年,美国会议上关于病变的陈述数量增加,涵盖了所有模式,包括RF(n=1)、SRS(n=6)、LITT(n=2)和FUS(n=2)的陈述。这些治疗的适应症因会议和方式而异,但包括癫痫、精神疾病和运动障碍,其中ET是最具代表性的疾病。

关于ET外科治疗的文献表明,对病变外科治疗的兴趣增加,尤其是ET的FUS。1991年至2019年间,在DBS上发表了750篇关于ET的原创文章,而在RF上发表了43篇,在SRS上发表了68篇,在FUS上发表了93篇。2010年,关于ET的外科论文中有11%是关于病变技术的,这一数字在2019年几乎增加了两倍,达到32%。自2013年以来,在LESING技术中,每年关于FUS的出版物数量等于或大于SRS和RF。从第一篇论文到第50次发表所需的时间,DBS为8年,ET为8年,FUS为8年。这表明ET采用FUS的比率可能与DBS相似。相比之下,用了26年的时间积累了50篇关于ET的SRS的文章,而RF的这个水平还没有达到(>28年)。到目前为止,FUS文献用了8年的时间才达到SRS在ET上的论文总数(1992年至2019年出版)。

Figure 1

与其他方式相比,关于FUS的出版物数量更多,这与更广泛地使用这项技术进行震颤损伤相关。Leksell伽玛刀协会提供的数据(2011年至2018年间参与中心自行报告,反映了GK销量的87%–95%)和Insightec提供的数据(反映了2015年至2019年间对临床FUS单位进行的100%治疗)显示,相比之下,2019年对ET进行了1200多例FUS丘脑切除术2018年GK低于400人。经过5年的稳定状态后,GK丘脑体积最近在2018年有所增加。这可能与2016年FDA在关键试验发表后批准FUS的光环效应有关。虽然GK数据尚未提供到2019年,但没有迹象表明其在2018年至2019年间增加到与FUS相同的程度。为了进行比较,估计每年全世界因ET植入DBS的数量可能在2400到4800之间。

Figure 2

每年(全世界)用FUS或GK对ET进行丘脑切除的次数。联系了Leksell伽玛刀协会和Insightec,分别从他们的注册处获得全球每年使用GK和FUS进行的丘脑切除术的数量。GK数据在2011年至2018年间可用,包括87%至95%的GK中心的自我报告病例。即使对没有报告数据的中心进行调整,2018年进行的GK丘脑切除术的数量也不到400例。FUS数据在2015年至2019年间可用,反映了100%的临床FUS治疗。2019年报告了1200多例ET的FUS丘脑切除术。ET,原发性震颤;FUS,聚焦超声;GK,伽玛刀。截至2020年3月,全球共有342个活跃的临床GK单位(个人通讯,Leksell伽玛刀协会),而FUS的临床治疗点为44个。这意味着全球每年每活跃的GK单位进行1次丘脑切除术,而每个活跃的FUS治疗中心每年进行28次。

FUS正迅速被应用于ET的治疗,本文推测其微创性、术中临床评估能力、即时疗效和积极的市场营销是其影响因素。由于ET治疗的病变模式被重新评估,FUS比SRS更受欢迎的原因似乎不是临床结果的差异。

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  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2055083, encodeId=250e2055083e6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6b148082247' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#聚焦超声#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=47, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80822, encryptionId=6b148082247, topicName=聚焦超声)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/1103841572/3239AC2A9C7E6019A0BC3C0489A21F7A/100, createdBy=c6a52500178, createdName=41514487@qq.com, createdTime=Fri May 28 12:08:32 CST 2021, time=2021-05-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1846959, encodeId=63fe1846959f8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d3a33e0306d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37030, encryptionId=d3a33e0306d, topicName=原发性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8e4c53, createdName=jiyangfei, createdTime=Thu Dec 23 11:08:32 CST 2021, time=2021-12-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1987004, encodeId=e8e5198e0047b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7d913e13115' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#原发性震颤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=37131, encryptionId=7d913e13115, topicName=原发性震颤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=55ce62, createdName=hbwxf, createdTime=Tue Oct 05 17:08:32 CST 2021, time=2021-10-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1490146, encodeId=6133149014679, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=41d698891ef' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#震颤#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=98891, encryptionId=41d698891ef, topicName=震颤)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=59428697908, createdName=kalseyzl, createdTime=Wed Mar 17 14:08:32 CST 2021, time=2021-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1558330, encodeId=48cd1558330ed, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8a7208e8a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#丘脑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20878, encryptionId=c8a7208e8a8, topicName=丘脑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fb8814960000, createdName=xlwang2696, createdTime=Wed Mar 17 14:08:32 CST 2021, time=2021-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1564339, encodeId=affd15643391b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=c8a7208e8a8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#丘脑#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=20878, encryptionId=c8a7208e8a8, topicName=丘脑)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fb8814960000, createdName=xlwang2696, createdTime=Wed Mar 17 14:08:32 CST 2021, time=2021-03-17, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-17 kalseyzl
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    2021-03-17 xlwang2696
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    2021-03-17 xlwang2696

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