银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液联合西药治疗脑梗死的疗效和安全性Meta分析(26项研究,2332例患者)

2021-10-22 “神经时讯”公众号 “神经时讯”公众号

脑梗死是一种临床常见的急性脑血管疾病,指因脑部血液循环障碍,缺血、缺氧所致的局限性脑组织的缺血性坏死或软化,进而出现相应的神经系统功能缺损。

【前言】

脑梗死是一种临床常见的急性脑血管疾病,指因脑部血液循环障碍,缺血、缺氧所致的局限性脑组织的缺血性坏死或软化,进而出现相应的神经系统功能缺损。脑卒中现已经成为导致人类死亡和残疾最主要的疾病之一,在我国大约每分钟就有5人新发脑卒中,其中脑梗死占所有脑卒中患者的70%左右,并且其发病群体呈现出明显的年轻化趋势。因此,为脑梗死患者探寻切实有效的预防和治疗手段具有非常重要意义。银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液(DGMI)是一种中药制剂,近几年来被广泛用于治疗轻中度脑梗死患者。大量研究数据表明,DGMI作为辅助用药可以有效提高脑梗死患者临床治疗效果,改善患者预后,提升患者生活质量。但由于缺乏大样本、多中心的研究,DGMI的治疗作用有待进一步的循证医学证实。本研究通过对目前已发表的DGMI联合西药治疗脑梗死的随机对照试验进行合并分析,以期为其临床应用提供理论依据。

【研究方法】

1. 文献资料来源

计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、维普数据库(VIP)、万方数据库(WanFang)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、Pubmend、Cochrane Library,以及手工检索各类纸质出版期刊和会议论文集,收集整理所有关于DGMI联合西药治疗脑梗死的随机对照试验文献。中文检索关键词:“银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液”“脑梗死”“缺血性脑卒中”“脑梗塞”等;英文检索关键词:“diterpene ginkgolides meglumin injection”“DGMI”“ischemin stroke” “cerebral infarction”等,检索时间为2014年10月—2019年10月。采用自由词和主题词组合检索的方式,同时根据新检索出的文献及时补充检索词。

2.纳入与排除标准

纳入标准 ①研究类型:临床随机对照试验(RCT),有明确报道相关疗效指标或用药不良反应。②研究对象:符合《中国各类主要脑血管病诊断要点2019》中脑梗死诊断标准,并经CT或MRI明确诊断的患者。患者性别、年龄不受限制。③干预措施:对照组采用单纯常规西药治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上加用DGMI治疗。 ④结局指标:总体疗效评价[以总有效率进行评价,总有效率=(痊愈例数+显效例数+有效例数)/总例数×100%]、Barthel指数(BI)评分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 (NIHSS)评分以及不良反应情况。

排除标准 ①文献综述、个案或经验总结、基础研究等非临床随机对照试验;②文献的试验数据有缺失,且通过联系原文作者仍然无法获取完整数据;③观察组仅使用DGMI,或对照组使用了其他中成药的文献;④重复发表的文献留取1篇。

3. 方法

文献质量评价 根据Cochrane偏倚风险评价标准对纳入文献进行方法学质量和偏倚分析评估,内容包括:随机序列的产生方式、分配隐藏和盲法的实施、结局指标数据的完整性、选择性结局报告以及可能存在的其他偏倚。如果出现与纳入文献的意见不一致时,则咨询相关专家决定。

资料提取 由两名以上相关专业研究人员独立提取纳入研究的资料,内容包括:研究第一作者以及出版年份、观察组和对照组样本量、干预措施、用药疗程、结局指标等。

4. 统计学处理

通过EXCRL表收集整理数据,然后应用RevMan 5.3软件进行分析。用I2检验来对纳入研究进行异质性分析,当I2≤50%时,认为各研究之间不存在异质性,采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析;当I2>50%,认为各研究之间存在异质性,采用随机效应模型进行meta分析。采用相对危险度(RR)作为计数资料合并效应量;均数差(MD)作为计量资料统计量;所有结果合并结果均用95%置信区间(CI)表示。利用倒漏斗图分析纳入研究的发表性偏倚情况。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

【研究结果】

1. 纳入文献

初步检索获得相关文献共275篇,通过NoteExpress 3.2.0软件和人工筛选后,最终纳入文献26篇。筛选流程见图1。所有文献均为中文文献,共纳入患者2332例,包括观察组1165例,对照组1167例。观察组中DGMI 20 mg静脉滴注2周124例,DGM静脉滴注1周83例,3周53例,其余均为DGMI 25 mg静脉滴注2周。

2. 纳入文献方法学质量评价

26篇文献中,25篇文献描述采用随机方法分组,仅有13篇文献[6-7,10,12-13,16-19,24,29-31]具体说明了随机方法,其中7篇文献[6,10,16,18,24,29,31]采用随机数字表法,2篇文献[7,17,30]采用抽签法,1篇文献[19]采用摸球法,2篇文献[12-13]根据入院顺序分组;所有文献结局数据完整;所有文献均未说明是否实施分配隐藏;所有文献均未说明是否对受试者、干预者及结果评价者实施盲法。因此,文献的总体质量偏低。纳入文献基本情况见表1,偏倚风险见图2。

图2:纳入研究偏倚风险情况

3. Meta分析结果

3.1 临床总体疗效

报道总体治疗效果共有20项研究[6-14,18-21,24-30],各研究之间具有同质性(I2=28%,P=0.12),采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示:RR=1.22,95%CI(1.17~1.28),P<0.05。表明DGMI联合西药治疗脑梗死的临床总有效率高于单纯西药治疗,差异有统计学意义。对报道总有效率的研究绘制倒漏斗图,结果显示:图形左右基本对称,分布较为集中,表明存在发表性偏倚的可能性小(图3)。

3.2 BI评分

报道BI评分提高程度共有12项研究[9,12-13,15,18-19,21-23,25,29-30],各研究之间存在异质性(I2=89%,P<0.00001),采用随机效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示:MD=10.24,95%CI(7.53~12.95),P<0.05。表明DGMI联合西药治疗脑梗死后BI评分高于单纯西药治疗,差异有统计学意义。

3.2 NIHSS评分

报道NIHSS评分改善情况共24项研究[6-11,13-18,20-31],各研究之间存在异质性(I2=97%,P<0.00001),采用随机效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示:MD=-3.08,95%CI(-3.94~-2.22),P<0.05。表明DGMI联合西药治疗脑梗死后NIHSS评分低于单纯西药治疗,差异有统计学意义。

4. 安全性分析

报道用药不良反应情况共有18项研究[6-7,12,14-16,18-24,27-31],其中共有9项研究[6,12,14,16,19,21-23,31]出现了不良反应,其中比较常见的不良反应表现主要有恶心、头晕、皮疹、腹痛、肝功能异常、血小板减少等。对9项出现不良反应的研究进行合并分析,各研究之间具有同质性(I2=24%,P=0.23),采用固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果显示:RR=0.76,95%CI(0.49~1.19),P=0.23。表明在常规西药治疗的基础上加用DGMI不会明显增加脑梗死患者不良反应。

5. 敏感性分析

通过逐个剔除单个研究后,对余下原始研究再次进行Meta分析,结果与整体合并分析均没有明显差异,故可认为本研究结果的稳定性较好。

【讨 论】

脑梗死又称为缺血性中风,祖国医学认为缺血性中风的发生主要与阴阳脏腑失调,气血逆乱,产生风、火、痰、瘀,闭阻脑络有关。目前西医治疗主要以改善脑部血液循环、营养脑神经、保护脑组织为主,多采用静脉溶栓、血管内介入治疗、抗凝、抗血小板聚集、降纤、扩容、扩张血管等方法进行治疗。脑梗死的发病机制非常复杂,西药治疗虽然可以有效改善神经功能缺损症状,但却很容易受到时间窗等因素影响,甚至出现出血转化。李季泓等研究发现在奥扎格雷钠治疗的基础上,合用银杏叶制剂可有效改善脑梗死患者的神经功能缺损程度,提高治疗效果。仲崇金等研究发现,DGMI能改善神经运动功能,增加超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,降低肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力及体内丙二醛(MDA)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)水平,减轻脑水肿,缩小梗死脑组织体积。另外,银杏萜类化合物还具有抗氧化应激,缓解炎症反应和降低血-脑屏障通透性等多种生物活性作用。DGMI是一种新型银杏叶提取物制剂,具有活血通络的作用,主要用于治疗各类缺血性心脑血管疾病。现代药理学研究表明,DGMI具有清除脑梗死患者体内过多的自由基、抗血小板凝集和改善脑部血液循环的作用。赵宾江等通过临床试验研究发现,DGMI可以对抗脑梗死患者血栓的形成、缓解脑组织缺血、缺氧程度,减少神经细胞凋亡,保护脑组织。

本研究通过对DGMI联合常规西药治疗脑梗死相关临床研究的总体有效率、BI评分、NIHSS评分以及用药安全性等指标进行系统评价和meta分析。结果发现:DGMI联合常规西药治疗脑梗死的总体临床疗效优于单纯常规西药治疗[总有效率:RR=1.22,95%CI(1.17~1.28),P<0.05],同时可以显着改善患者的日常生活活动能力[BI评分:MD=10.24,95%CI(7.53~12.95),P<0.05]和神经功能缺损程度[NIHSS评分:MD=-3.08,95%CI(-3.94~-2.22),P<0.05],不良反应与单纯常规西药治疗没有明显差异[安全性:RR=0.76,95%CI(0.49~1.19),P=0.23]。

值得注意的是,由于(1)纳入的原始研究均为单一中心的小样本试验;(2)部分研究未明确说明具体的随机序列产生方式;(3)所有研究均未说明是否实施分配隐藏及盲法,(4)未描述是否有病例脱落或退出,这些因素均会影响本次Meta分析的结果可靠性。因此,将来仍然需要更多设计合理、执行合格的多中心、大样本、高质量双盲随机对照试验来进一步验证DGMI联合常规西药治疗对脑梗死的治疗效果和安全性。

【结 论】

综上所述,基于现有临床证据,在常规西药治疗的基础上加用DGMI可有效提高脑梗死治疗的临床效果,并且可以促进患者康复、改善患者预后、提升患者生活质量,临床有必要进一步行设计严谨、科学性高(如盲法)的临床研究深入探讨。

原始出处:

张令霖,连新福,赵晶等. 银杏二萜内酯葡胺注射液联合西药治疗脑梗死的疗效和安全性Meta分析. 中国神经免疫学和神经病学杂志, 2021,28(2).

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    2021-12-11 guojianrong
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  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888365, encodeId=79941888365cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 22:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721098, encodeId=2ffb1e210984c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=634ee040179' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疗效和安全性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70401, encryptionId=634ee040179, topicName=疗效和安全性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16ef32982072, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Thu May 26 05:00:48 CST 2022, time=2022-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896922, encodeId=376b1896922b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Mon Nov 08 15:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465223, encodeId=dbda14652234f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dea8489010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84890, encryptionId=2dea8489010, topicName=脑梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccf56689148, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sun Oct 24 12:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555632, encodeId=590d1555632b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dcd89053994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#西药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90539, encryptionId=dcd89053994, topicName=西药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b4014636852, createdName=minzju5057, createdTime=Sun Oct 24 12:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586611, encodeId=5b6015866111c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f87c6499085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注射液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64990, encryptionId=f87c6499085, topicName=注射液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c93417353045, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Sun Oct 24 12:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-08 一闲
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1888365, encodeId=79941888365cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d56611584ec' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Meta#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11584, encryptionId=d56611584ec, topicName=Meta)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=d8f4110, createdName=guojianrong, createdTime=Sat Dec 11 22:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-12-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1721098, encodeId=2ffb1e210984c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=634ee040179' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#疗效和安全性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=70401, encryptionId=634ee040179, topicName=疗效和安全性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=16ef32982072, createdName=经常头晕, createdTime=Thu May 26 05:00:48 CST 2022, time=2022-05-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1896922, encodeId=376b1896922b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4a391158248' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#MET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11582, encryptionId=4a391158248, topicName=MET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=18fc139, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Mon Nov 08 15:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-11-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465223, encodeId=dbda14652234f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2dea8489010' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#脑梗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=40, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=84890, encryptionId=2dea8489010, topicName=脑梗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ccf56689148, createdName=karmond, createdTime=Sun Oct 24 12:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1555632, encodeId=590d1555632b3, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=dcd89053994' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#西药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90539, encryptionId=dcd89053994, topicName=西药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4b4014636852, createdName=minzju5057, createdTime=Sun Oct 24 12:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1586611, encodeId=5b6015866111c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f87c6499085' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#注射液#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64990, encryptionId=f87c6499085, topicName=注射液)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c93417353045, createdName=shijzhiewnjhch, createdTime=Sun Oct 24 12:00:48 CST 2021, time=2021-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-10-24 karmond
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    2021-10-24 minzju5057
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