Alzheimer's & Dementia:结合血浆生物标志物的临床预测模型性能最佳

2022-06-18 影像小生 MedSci原创

结合血浆生物标志物(尤其是p-tau217)的临床预测模型表现出较高的性能,且不受随机误差的影响。

近年来,阿尔茨海默病(AD)领域由于血浆淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)和磷酸化tau (p-tau),以及神经丝轻链(NfL)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)等几种临床相关的血液标志物(BBMs)的发展而发生了转变。在大型独立队列研究中,这些生物标志物一直被证明能提供有关纵向认知能力下降和AD痴呆风险的有用预后信息。最近的研究甚至证明了血浆生物标志物(结合其他可获得的测量方法)与临床医生预测具有主观认知能力下降(SCD)和轻度认知障碍(MCI)的人群中AD相关结果的优势。

最近,Alzheimer's & Dementia期刊发表研究文章’ Test-retest variability of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and its effects on clinical prediction models’,分析了随机误差对阿尔茨海默病(AD)血液生物标志物性能的影响。

Nicholas C. Cullen等测量了399名有认知症状的非痴呆参与者血浆淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)42/Aβ40、神经丝光(NfL)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和磷酸化tau (p tau)217的反复检测的变异性,并模拟了这种变异性在预测脑脊液(CSF) Aβ状态或转化为AD痴呆时对生物标志物性能的影响。

重复检测血浆生物标志物的变异性。该图显示了每个血浆生物标志物在个体水平上观察到的检测-重测变异性,以及平均值和95%置信区间。通过首先计算两个样本中每个参与者的生物标志物值的相对变化百分比(100 * [x-y]/y),然后使用该分布的标准差作为随机误差的总体估计,得出每个生物标志物的重测变异性。

血浆生物标志物的建模性能和反复检测变异性的模拟效果。该图显示了血浆生物标志物(单独和联合)预测脑脊液(CSF)中异常淀粉样病变和从基线(A)到阿尔茨海默病(AD)痴呆的4年内的能力。该图还显示了在1000多个试验中模拟每个生物标志物的反复测试变化率时曲线下面积(AUC)值的影响(B)。该图显示了原始的、未受干扰的血浆生物标志物数据和模拟后的AUC结果(C)。

当综合所有生物标志物时,临床表现最高。在单一生物标志物中,p-tau217表现最好。反复检测变异范围为4.1% (Aβ42/Aβ40)至25% (GFAP)。这种变异性降低了生物标记物的性能(≈ΔAUC[曲线下面积]−1%到−4%),对p-tau217模型的影响最小。多生物标志物组合中预测结果不稳定的个体比例最低(14%)。

结合血浆生物标志物(尤其是p-tau217)的临床预测模型表现出较高的性能,且不受随机误差的影响。

该研究结果为更好地理解血浆生物标志物检测变异性在临床预测中的影响迈出了第一步。这是一个重要的研究领域,因为血浆生物标志物在AD早期检测中的潜在应用。这些结果对临床实践的潜在影响是双重的。首先,这些发现表明,实施一个用于预测AD相关结果的多生物标志物模型可能会大大减少错误分类。其次,这些发现可能会影响临床实践,通过更好地建立每个生物标志物的灰色地带,如果患者的生物标志物水平处于这些区间,可能会被建议进行进一步检测。总之,这项工作代表了在临床实践中提高AD血浆生物标志物性能的一个步骤。

原文出处

Test-retest variability of plasma biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease and its effects on clinical prediction models

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