盘点:2020年2月Gastroenterology研究精选

2020-02-11 MedSci MedSci原创

2020年2月Gastroenterology研究精选


【1】放化疗后循环肿瘤DNA与食管癌患者进展风险


在局部食管癌放化疗后,需要特定的生物标志物来鉴定肿瘤进展高风险人群。

近日研究人员对45例食管癌放疗前后血浆游离DNA、白细胞DNA和食管十二指肠镜下固定食管肿瘤活检标本进行了深度测序(CAPP-Seq)分析。研究的主要目的是确定放化疗后循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)的检测是否与肿瘤进展的风险(通过成像或活检检测到的局部、区域或远端肿瘤的生长)相关。治疗前,肿瘤源DNA占总游离DNA的中位数为0.07%,表明食管癌局部肿瘤ctDNA的定量和分析需要采用超灵敏的检测方法。化疗后ctDNA检测阳性与肿瘤的进展(危险比18.7)、远端转移 (危险比32.1)和较短的疾病特异性生存期(危险比23.1)有关。在放化疗后采集的血浆样本中,肿瘤进展患者中检测到新突变的比例高于未进展的患者。放化疗后ctDNA检测阳性平均比影像学肿瘤进展早2.8个月。在未经手术而接受放化疗的患者中,ctDNA和代谢成像分析联合可预测100%的肿瘤进展,而单纯ctDNA检测的准确性为71%,代谢成像分析为57%。

【2】幽门螺杆菌感染癌风险因素研究


幽门螺杆菌感染胃癌最重要的危险因素。近日研究人员考察了H型幽门螺杆菌(Hpylori)检测后非近端胃腺癌的发生率和危险因素,以确定治疗和根除如何影响癌症风险。

发现H型幽门螺杆菌感染后5年、10年和20年的累计癌症发生率分别为0.37%、0.5%和0.65%。与癌症有关的因素包括: H型幽门感染时年龄较大 (危险度比1.13)、黑人/非裔美国人(2.00)、亚裔(2.52)、西班牙裔或拉美裔(1.59)、吸烟史(1.38)以及性别(女性患胃腺癌的风险明显低于男性,SHR,0.52),同时根据血清抗体阳性检测H型幽门螺杆菌感染的患者患癌的风险也降低(SHR 0.744)。H型幽门螺杆菌感染而接受治疗后,患者胃癌的风险仍有增加(1.16),但经治疗证实根除H型幽门螺杆菌可降低胃癌的风险(0.24)。

【3】Mirikizumab 治疗溃疡性结肠炎


白细胞介素23(IL23)参与溃疡性结肠炎(UC)的致病过程。近日研究人员开展II期临床研究,考察抗IL23 p19亚单位单克隆抗体Mirikizumab的疗效。

中度至重度活动性 UC 患者参与研究。12周时,50 mg组、200 mg组和600 mg组的临床缓解率分别为15.9%(P=0.066)、22.6%(P=0.004)和11.5%(P=0.142),而安慰剂组的临床缓解率为4.8%,主要终点差异不显著。50 mg组、200 mg组和600 mg组的临床有效率分别为41.3%、59.7%和49.2%,而安慰剂组为20.6%。52周时,46.8%的患者每4周皮下注射200mg mirikizumab,37.0%的患者每12周皮下注射200mg  mirikizumab,临床症状缓解。

【4】Etrasimod用于中重度溃疡性结肠炎的治疗


Etrasimod(APD334)是一种口服、选择性的磷酸鞘氨醇受体1调节剂,可用于免疫炎症性疾病的治疗。近日研究人员评估了Etrasimod在中重度活动性溃疡性结肠炎(UC)患者中的有效性和安全性。

在第12周,Etrasimod 2mg组达到所有终点。与安慰剂相比,Etrasimod 2mg可显著改善改良MCS得分(与安慰剂的差异,0.99分);Etrasimod 1mg组改良MCS得分较安慰剂组增加0.43分。41.8%接受Etrasimod 2mg治疗的患者有内镜改善,安慰剂组为17.8%。大多数不良反应是轻微到中度的。3例患者有短暂的、无症状的、低度房室传导阻滞,随后自行缓解,未再复发,并且2例患者之前就有房室传导阻滞的证据。

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    2020-07-20 许安
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