盘点:近期多发性硬化重要研究进展汇总

2018-07-31 MedSci MedSci原创

【1】复发缓解多发性硬化症患者治疗方案选择——芬戈莫德 vs富马酸二甲酯近日研究人员比较了芬戈莫德(FNG)和富马酸二甲酯(DMF)对复发缓解性多发性硬化症(RRMS)患者无明显疾病活动(NEDA)状态影响。RRMS患者参与研究,依据首次治疗或治疗方案转换对患者分层,依据同质基线特征建立倾向评分(PS)对参与者进行匹配,主要终点为NEDA-3,即无复发、无残疾恶化、无MRI活动病变特征。483名患

【1】复发缓解多发性硬化症患者治疗方案选择——芬戈莫德 vs富马酸二甲酯

近日研究人员比较了芬戈莫德(FNG)和富马酸二甲酯(DMF)对复发缓解性多发性硬化症(RRMS)患者无明显疾病活动(NEDA)状态影响。RRMS患者参与研究,依据首次治疗或治疗方案转换对患者分层,依据同质基线特征建立倾向评分(PS)对参与者进行匹配,主要终点为NEDA-3,即无复发、无残疾恶化、无MRI活动病变特征。483名患者接受FNG治疗,456人接受DMF治疗,经PS匹配后,各组均有275名患者参与研究。随访18个月后,组间NEDA-3率相近。亚组分析显示,二种药物对初次治疗患者有相近的疗效,但FNG对转换治疗方案患者的效果优于DMF。研究发现,芬戈莫德和富马酸二甲酯对复发缓解多发性硬化症患者均有较好的治疗效果,但芬戈莫德对中途换药患者的疗效优于富马酸二甲酯。

【2】小儿多发性硬化症的新生物标志物


小儿多发性硬化症(MS)被认为是一种罕见的疾病,越来越多的证据表明早期治疗可能会延缓MS的进展。目前仍需要识别新的生物标志物来克服小儿多发性硬化症(MS)诊断面临的困难。最近,我们开发了一种新技术,包括游离轻链(FLC)单体和二聚体的CSF分析,可改善成人MS的诊断。本研究旨在评估我们的技术用于儿童MS诊断的效果。研究纳入MS患者(n = 21)和非MS脱髓鞘或炎性神经系统疾病(n = 35)患者。结果显示,10名MS患者的CSF中κ-FLC单体和二聚体的异常升高(“κ型MS”)。在6例MS病例中发现λ二聚体增加(“λ型MS”),而在3例MS病例中观测到高水平的κ和λFLC(“混合型MS”)。MRI和临床评估显示“混合型”和“λ型”病例更具侵袭性。与寡克隆测试相比,我们的方法对MS和非MS患者的鉴别敏感性为90.5%和特异性91.4%。表明本研究所提出的方法可有助于儿科MS的诊断和预后。

【3】间歇性禁食改善多发性硬化症

多发性硬化症(MS)在西方国家更为常见,饮食是潜在的促成因素。最近,来自华盛顿大学医学院的研究人员发现,间歇性禁食(IF)改善了MS模型和实验性自身免疫性脑脊髓炎(EAE)的临床过程和病理学。IF导致肠道细菌丰富度增加,Lactobacillaceae,Bacteroidaceae和Prevotellaceae家族的富集,以及抗氧化微生物代谢途径的增强。IF还能够改变肠道中的T细胞,减少产生IL-17的T细胞和增加调节性T细胞。来自IF小鼠的粪便微生物组移植在正常饮食的免疫受体小鼠中改善了EAE,表明IF效应至少部分由肠道菌群介导。此外,在MS患者的临床试验中,间歇性能量限制改变了血液脂肪因子和肠道菌群,类似于在小鼠中观察到的保护性变化。总之,IF具有有效的免疫调节作用,其至少部分由肠道微生物组介导。

【4】低剂量肉毒杆菌治疗多发性硬化引起的尿失禁


近日研究人员考察了肉毒杆菌(onabotulinumtoxinA 100 U)对多发性硬化患者神经原性逼尿肌过度活跃(NAO)引起的尿失禁(UI)的治疗效果。本次研究为III期临床研究,患者通过膀胱镜下逼尿肌内注射,随机接受100U肉毒杆菌(n = 66)或安慰剂(n = 78)。研究发现,肉毒杆菌可显著减轻尿失禁症状。53.0%的肉毒杆菌治疗组患者症状完全缓解,而对照组仅10.3%,治疗组尿动力学以及I-QOL得分改善显著。治疗组最常见的不良事件为尿道感染,治疗组患者清洁间歇导尿率为15.2%,安慰剂组为2.6%。研究认为,100IU低剂量肉毒杆菌可改善多发性硬化患者神经原性尿失禁症状。

【5】多发性硬化患者为什么会出现认知障碍


本研究旨在评价无脑萎缩的多发性硬化(MS)发生认知功能障碍与发生脑萎缩而无认知功能下降的MS患者之间的差异性。本研究共纳入了332例MS患者及96例健康志愿者。认知功能下降定义为与健康志愿者相比超过两个认知功能脑区z认知低于-1.5。利用T2成像、纤维束各向异性分数、和区域中心来评价白质病变。在脑萎缩组,比较认知功能损伤患者与认知功能保留的患者,利用回归分析预测认知损伤指标。结果显示,共有132/328例MS没有出现脑萎缩,其中42/132(32%)患者出现认知损伤。利用教育程度、后扣带回中心能够预测认知损伤。共有65/328例患者出现脑萎缩,其中49/65(75%)出现认知损伤。利用白质纤维束各向异性、后扣带回中心能够预测认知损伤。表明认知损伤与白质受损有关,但这仅出现在有脑萎缩的MS患者中。对于无脑萎缩的患者,教育程度越低能够对认知损伤有很大影响。后扣带回皮层在认知损伤的MS患者中均出现功能异常。

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    2019-01-10 jml2009
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    2018-08-01 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2018-08-01 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0