Clin Tran Med:小分子褐藻糖胶在辅助性癌症疗法转化医学的临床应用

2019-11-30 佚名 转化医学网

2019年由上海市科林临床生物信息学研究所理事许先业教授在Clinical and Translational Medicine发表的回顾中,旨在提供有关小分子褐藻糖胶生物活性不同面向的最新观点,并着重在小分子褐藻糖胶对生长讯号传递机制的抗癌调节效用。

小分子褐藻糖胶具备多种不同的生物与药学活性,例如抗癌/抗肿瘤、抗增生、抗发炎与免疫调节功能[1-3],并且与小分子褐藻糖胶相关膳食补充品和营养医学食品近年愈来愈获重视。上海市科林临床生物信息学研究所长期投入各项小分子褐藻糖胶在辅助性疗法的转化医学应用,在2019年由上海市科林临床生物信息学研究所理事许先业教授在Clinical and Translational Medicine发表的回顾中,旨在提供有关小分子褐藻糖胶生物活性不同面向的最新观点,并着重在小分子褐藻糖胶对生长讯号传递机制的抗癌调节效用。

首先,本文探讨小分子褐藻糖胶与小分子褐藻糖胶产品的历史层面,以及小分子褐藻糖胶对于多种不同癌细胞的抗癌效用。其次,我们讨论小分子褐藻糖胶的生物活性以及癌细胞内诱发细胞死亡的功用,包括多种不同机制以及与其抗癌效用有关的讯号传导路径。再来,我们将焦点摆在市面上抗癌/防癌的小分子褐藻糖胶与小分子褐藻糖胶衍生物膳食补充品或营养医学食品,包括合并作为临床药物辅助品的小分子褐藻糖胶抗癌效力。最后,探讨动物与小鼠模型和人体临床试验中使用小分子褐藻糖胶作为辅助疗法及替代药物,藉以缓和抗癌化疗副作用的个案研究。癌症病人治疗时,合并小分子褐藻糖胶与临床治疗药物、剖析相关讯号传导路径、以及研究其动态交互影响,将可呈现出癌症预防、治疗的潜在分子标靶、以及目前抗癌策略发展的主要阻碍。

小分子褐藻糖胶概要

小分子褐藻糖胶属于一类名为褐藻聚糖的大型海生硫化多糖体类别,一般而言,小分子褐藻糖胶内富含由硫酸化酯基团聚合的L-岩藻糖及少部分D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖、D-甘露糖、D-木糖与葡萄糖醛酸残留物[4],以及蛋白质、钙、铜、镁、锰、钾、硒、钠、锌与其他矿物质。广义的化学定义而言,小分子褐藻糖胶系指主要由硫化岩藻糖所组成的多糖体。小分子褐藻糖胶为水溶性膳食纤维,具备多种不同药理与生物活性,例如抗癌、抗发炎以及免疫调节功用。小分子褐藻糖胶与小分子褐藻糖胶衍生物拥有低毒性与口服生物可用率,近年已作为多种疾病(包括癌症)的市售膳食补充品或营养医学食品。

小分子褐藻糖胶生物活性与诱发癌细胞死亡的机制

有关小分子褐藻糖胶抗肿瘤活性所牵涉的讯号传递路径和机转,过往已经提出许多有重大影响力的洞见。近年来,更从小分子褐藻糖胶媒介抗肿瘤讯号传导路径的分子机转层面探讨。总括而言,小分子褐藻糖胶可经由多种不同生物程序或反应,而影响癌细胞。小分子褐藻糖胶媒介抗肿瘤功用的生物程序/反应,可能含有一种或多种讯号路径(BMPR、TGFR、EGFR、TLR4)。小分子褐藻糖胶抗肿瘤功用的细胞与分子生物学层面,包括经小分子褐藻糖胶诱发/媒介(1)细胞凋亡与抗增生、活性氧物质与内质网压力;(2)抗发炎;(3)细胞周期停滞;(4)抗血管新生;(5)抑制转移、移行与侵犯;(6)免疫反应。小分子褐藻糖胶抗癌活性可能由多种讯号传导路径所调控,具体可参照图1。



图1:褐藻糖胶抗癌活性之讯号传导路径。

小分子褐藻糖胶抗癌作用

众多研究支持小分子褐藻糖胶于体内和体外的抗癌活性,而其用于多种人类癌症的效用,也已提出并获得证实,摘要结果如表1。总结而言,有关小分子褐藻糖胶的抗癌效用已于下列癌症类型中评估如:急性白血病淋巴瘤、头颈部癌症、鼻咽癌、口腔癌(或黏液表皮样癌)、食道癌、肺癌、乳癌、癌、肝母细胞瘤、肝细胞癌、胆管癌、前列腺癌、直肠癌、肾脏癌、卵巢癌、子宫颈癌、膀胱癌与胆囊癌等[5-25]。



表1小分子褐藻糖胶对不同癌症的抗癌作用与抑制机转/反应

小分子褐藻糖胶作为辅助治疗的作用

前述结果显示,不论系于原则上取自体外或体内研究试验、或人体临床试验的结果,小分子褐藻糖胶都证实对癌症治疗有辅助治疗功效。这些研究发现,让辅助治疗中应用癌症研究的分子机转,能够遵循精准医学的方向、以及在基础医疗研究和临床治疗之间,建立直接联系的思维模式。未来我们也将针对不同癌肿主题,陆续分享小分子褐藻糖胶在辅助治疗中起到的作用,其中包括人体临床试验的成果,从基础研究到临床应用,小分子褐藻糖胶研究已经落实转化医学精神,开始让广大的癌症患者受益。

原始出处:

Hsu, HY. & Hwang, PA. Clinical applications of fucoidan in translational medicine for adjuvant cancer therapy. Clin Trans Med (2019) 8: 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40169-019-0234-9.

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    2020-03-28 宋威
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    2020-05-01 bsmagic9140
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    2020-03-22 mnda
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