Nature Nanotechnology:厦门大学刘刚团队开发新型纳米囊泡疫苗平台,可介导超强抗肿瘤免疫活性

2022-04-21 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

现有肿瘤疫苗如新抗原疫苗及各种载体疫苗均依赖于在机体内与宿主 APC 的随机接触,不适当的接触可能导致免疫应答的沉默;同时,CD8+ T细胞的活化过度依赖于抗原交叉递呈,该递呈方式机制复杂且效率不高。

恶性肿瘤严重威胁人类健康,免疫疗法的探索与发展旨在为肿瘤治愈寻求新突破。抗肿瘤免疫的成功建立需要抗原特异性淋巴细胞的激活、扩增及分化。这一过程在很大程度上取决于 T 细胞和抗原递呈细胞(APC)之间的相互作用。但现有肿瘤疫苗如新抗原疫苗及各种载体疫苗均依赖于在机体内与宿主 APC 的随机接触,不适当的接触可能导致免疫应答的沉默;同时,CD8+ T细胞的活化过度依赖于抗原交叉递呈,该递呈方式机制复杂且效率不高。

此外,在肿瘤免疫微环境中,抗原特异性 CTL 应答常常受到免疫检查点的抑制。尽管基于免疫检查点的免疫疗法已被证明具有巨大的潜力,但只有小部分患者对该疗法完全响应,相关分子机制也需进一步深入探索。

近日,厦门大学分子影像暨转化医学研究中心、分子疫苗学和分子诊断学国家重点实验室刘刚教授团队在 Nature Nanotechnology 期刊在线发表了题为:A nanovaccine for antigen self-presentation andimmunosuppression reversal as a personalized cancer immunotherapy strategy 的研究成果。

该研究发现了共刺激信号对肿瘤免疫耐受中 T 细胞功能重塑的重要机制,并首次报道了一种既可直接激活初始 T 细胞,又可活化耗竭性 T 细胞的仿生细胞膜囊泡抗肿瘤疫苗策略为个性化肿瘤疫苗研发提供了理论依据和创新方法

Nature Nanotechnology 同期配发了专题亮点评述文章:Boosting dendritic cell nanovaccines,评价这项工作突破了现有树突状细胞疫苗的认知框架,推动纳米疫苗免疫学领域向前迈出一大步。

在这项工作中,刘刚教授团队基于课题组创建的细胞膜仿生定向表达展示技术(Adv Mater 2019, Angew Chem 2018, PNAS 2015, et al.),将工程化树突状细胞(DCs)膜作为一种天然的免疫活化信号转导载体,调控树突状细胞表面共刺激分子表达,构建了 ASPIRE 纳米囊泡疫苗平台,通过多重共刺激信号递送实现多维度的抗肿瘤免疫活化。

囊泡疫苗制备与表征

制备的 ASPIRE 疫苗体系,因为其来源于树突状细胞母细胞表面与归巢效应相关的功能性趋化因子和粘附分子,以及可控的纳米尺寸,所以能迅速穿越组织间隙,实现在淋巴结的富集,并介导 CD8+T 细胞主导的抗原特异性免疫应答。有别于传统的疫苗递呈方式,研究中所制备的疫苗可以直接将表位递呈至 T 细胞,且不需要体内的抗原递呈细胞的参与。这种抗原递呈模式很大程度提高了免疫活化的效率。该疫苗即使在实体瘤的治疗中也发挥了非常强劲的效果,实现对实体肿瘤的彻底清除,并诱导长效的免疫记忆。

ASPIRE 疫苗介导强劲抗肿瘤作用

在这项研究中,作者发现了 B7-CD28 共刺激信号对于 PD-1 抗体疗法的必要性,ASPIRE 系统首次将 B7 与 PD-1 抗体进行共递送,实现了肿瘤免疫抑制的有效逆转,促进了耗竭性T细胞的功能重塑。

此外该研究中的另一个重要发现是,肿瘤免疫微环境中T细胞对 PD-1 抗体与抗原刺激的响应具有时空顺序的差异性,ASPIRE 疫苗整合多重免疫共刺激信号分子,可有效逆转处于亚激活状态下的 T 细胞亚群。

ASPIRE 疫苗介导多维度T细胞活化示意图

该研究描述了一种既可激活初始 T 细胞,又可活化耗竭性 T 细胞的新型疫苗策略,并通过抗肿瘤动物实验验证了 ASPIRE 介导的超强抗肿瘤免疫活性。

该研究得到了科技部重大专项课题以及国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金等项目的支持,据悉,相关授权专利(ZL 202010070724.9)已完成企业技术转移并推进临床转化研究。

厦门大学公共卫生学院博士后刘超、刘雪为该论文的共同第一作者,刘刚教授和新加坡国立大学陈小元教授为该论文的共同通讯作者。

 

原始出处:

Liu, C., Liu, X., Xiang, X. et al. A nanovaccine for antigen self-presentation and immunosuppression reversal as a personalized cancer immunotherapy strategy. Nat. Nanotechnol. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-022-01098-0.

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    2022-08-10 xqptu
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    2022-07-12 shock_melon
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    2023-03-03 liye789132251
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