NEJM:mRNA疫苗加强针的保护作用持久性研究

2022-09-08 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

最近出现的 B.1.1.529 (omicron) 子变体 BA.2.12.1 和BA.4 和 BA.5(以下称为 BA.4/5),具有高度免疫逃逸。为了解决这个问题,我们使用假型慢病毒中和试验,以检

最近出现的 B.1.1.529 (omicron) 子变体 BA.2.12.1 和BA.4 和 BA.5(以下称为 BA.4/5),具有高度免疫逃逸。为了解决这个问题,我们使用假型慢病毒中和试验,以检查俄亥俄州卫生保健工作者纵向队列中,接种mRNA疫苗加强针的人群对最近主要流行的奥密克戎变体的中和抗体滴度随时间变化的趋势。这项研究结果发表在最新一期NEJM上。

共有 24 名参与者接种了 mRNA-1273 疫苗(Moderna),22 人接种了 BNT162b2 疫苗(Pfizer-BioNTech)。我们根据加强针注射的时间将参与者样本分为三组:注射后 1 - 3 个月、4 - 6 个月和 7 - 9 个月。在研究过程中,14 名参与者出现了突破性感染; 9例发生在omicron流行期间。

图1 根据先前有无SARS-CoV-2 感染,mRNA疫苗加强针诱导的中和抗体的持久性

在加强针注射后 1 - 3 个月,针对所有变异体,在没有突破性感染的参与者中,加强针产生的中和抗体下降比突破性感染者中更显著。加强针注射后1-3个月内产生的中和抗体滴度(NT50)大约是加强针接种7 - 9 个月时的 1.7 倍(95% CI,1.4 - 2.2)(图 1)。

线性模型显示,针对具有 D614G 突变的病毒,中和抗体滴度的平均 30 天衰减率为 17.53%(95% CI,11.87-22.79),针对 omicron BA.1 子变体为 19.50%(95% CI,9.82 至 28.10) ,针对 BA.2.12.1 为18.44%(95% CI,9.24 到 26.68)和针对 BA.4/5 为 19.55%(95% CI,10.54 到 27.66)(图 1C)。

既往感染过 SARS-CoV-2(包括感染 omicron 变体)的参与者,中和抗体滴度的衰减率略低(图 1B 和 1C 以及图 S2),针对 D614G 突变的病毒,30 天衰减率为 17.07%( 95% CI, 2.70 - 29.29) ,对BA.1 亚变体为14.22% (95% CI, -6.87- 31.13) ,对BA.2.12为19.97% (95% CI, -11.95- 27.64) 和 对 BA.4/5为12.12%(95% CI,-7.14-27.94)(图 1C)。在所有测试的时间点,所有 omicron 亚变体,尤其是 BA.4/5,具有比具有 D614G 突变的病毒更低的中和抗体滴度。

两名参与者接种了第二次mRNA 疫苗加强针。在这些参与者接受初始加强剂量后大约 4 个月观察到中和抗体滴度显著降低后,给予第二次加强剂针后中和抗体滴度恢复。

加强针产生的中和抗体的持久性,似乎比先前报道的单独使用两剂 mRNA 疫苗的要更好,下降速度更慢。虽然加强剂中和抗体衰变的速率在变体中相似,但 omicron 亚变体,尤其是 BA.4/5,具有显著的中和抗性。我们观察到的趋势与疫苗保护和自然免疫的减弱一致,我们的数据表明,SARS-CoV-2 变体进化和中和抗体滴度减弱都会降低加强针诱导的免疫保护。我们在两名参与者中的小范围的经验表明,第四剂疫苗(即两针加强针)可能有效。随着新变种的发展,可能需要一种特定于变种的加强针。

参考文献:

Durability of Booster mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5 Subvariants. NEJM, September 7, 2022 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2210546

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  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947481, encodeId=5734194e48186, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Sep 13 09:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599193, encodeId=f0cf1599193b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 22:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247822, encodeId=7ad3124e8225f, content=还是相当持久的 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 08:12:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247821, encodeId=80ab124e82159, content=认真学习~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cfb41991958, createdName=xulv123, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:38:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247820, encodeId=efda124e82002, content=研究的结果似乎是总不太一致, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1aa5476355, createdName=ms8000000287906505, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:30:51 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947481, encodeId=5734194e48186, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Sep 13 09:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599193, encodeId=f0cf1599193b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 22:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247822, encodeId=7ad3124e8225f, content=还是相当持久的 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 08:12:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247821, encodeId=80ab124e82159, content=认真学习~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cfb41991958, createdName=xulv123, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:38:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247820, encodeId=efda124e82002, content=研究的结果似乎是总不太一致, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1aa5476355, createdName=ms8000000287906505, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:30:51 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947481, encodeId=5734194e48186, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Sep 13 09:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599193, encodeId=f0cf1599193b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 22:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247822, encodeId=7ad3124e8225f, content=还是相当持久的 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 08:12:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247821, encodeId=80ab124e82159, content=认真学习~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cfb41991958, createdName=xulv123, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:38:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247820, encodeId=efda124e82002, content=研究的结果似乎是总不太一致, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1aa5476355, createdName=ms8000000287906505, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:30:51 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-08 病毒猎手

    还是相当持久的

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947481, encodeId=5734194e48186, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Sep 13 09:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599193, encodeId=f0cf1599193b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 22:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247822, encodeId=7ad3124e8225f, content=还是相当持久的 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 08:12:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247821, encodeId=80ab124e82159, content=认真学习~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cfb41991958, createdName=xulv123, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:38:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247820, encodeId=efda124e82002, content=研究的结果似乎是总不太一致, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1aa5476355, createdName=ms8000000287906505, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:30:51 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-08 xulv123

    认真学习~~

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1947481, encodeId=5734194e48186, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=88d81556543' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#RNA疫苗#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=50, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15565, encryptionId=88d81556543, topicName=RNA疫苗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=ce072500140, createdName=12498b3em08(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Sep 13 09:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1599193, encodeId=f0cf1599193b4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f14d2e187ac' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#保护作用#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=65, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=27187, encryptionId=f14d2e187ac, topicName=保护作用)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=2ee918684940, createdName=photoman, createdTime=Fri Sep 09 22:02:37 CST 2022, time=2022-09-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247822, encodeId=7ad3124e8225f, content=还是相当持久的 , beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 08:12:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247821, encodeId=80ab124e82159, content=认真学习~~, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=cfb41991958, createdName=xulv123, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:38:18 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1247820, encodeId=efda124e82002, content=研究的结果似乎是总不太一致, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a1aa5476355, createdName=ms8000000287906505, createdTime=Thu Sep 08 07:30:51 CST 2022, time=2022-09-08, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-09-08 ms8000000287906505

    研究的结果似乎是总不太一致

    0

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