JACC:“一箭双雕”——做到这几点,不仅保护心血管,而且还防癌!

2021-03-22 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

如果能做到不吸烟(或尽早戒烟)、保持健康体重、适度锻炼、平衡膳食,不仅能保证CV健康,同时也能降低癌症风险,可谓“一举两得”。

血管疾病(CVD)和癌症是全世界发病和死亡的主要两大原因。越来越多的证据支持这两种疾病之间的潜在联系,研究显示癌症患者的心血管疾病风险增加。癌症治疗相关的心脏毒性不仅会影响癌症生存期,CVD风险因素的存在也会增强癌症药物的心脏毒性。

反过来,最近的调查表明,CVD本身可能导致癌症发展风险的增加。一些研究支持心力衰竭(HF)患者的癌症风险增加。此外,美国心脏协会(AHA)2020年报告中指出,有CVD危险因素的人,患癌的风险也会增加;而有利于CV健康的生活方式,也与较低的患癌风险相关。

尽管越来越多的文献研究癌症和CVD之间的关系,但CVD和癌症之间的关联是由于共同的风险因素还是其他机制仍不清楚。为此,来自美国麻省总医院等多个国际机构的研究人员对该问题进行了全面的研究,结果发表在《美国心脏病学会杂志》(JACC)上。

本研究前瞻性地随访了Framingham心脏研究和PREVEND(预防肾脏和血管终末期疾病)研究参与者,调查了标准CVD危险因素、CVD生物标志物、已有的CVD和理想的心血管(CV)健康指标与未来癌症发展的关系。

所有参与者在基线时无癌症,并在结束随访时确定组织学证实的癌症。该研究利用多变量Cox模型评估了基线CV危险因素、10年动脉粥样硬化(ASCVD)风险评分、已建立的CVD生物标志物、流行的CVD和AHA Life's Simple 7 CV健康评分与癌症事件的关联。

其中,Life's Simple 7 CV健康评分共对吸烟、BMI、运动、饮食、胆固醇、血压、血糖7个方面进行评分,每个指标为0-2分。总分为0-6表示CV健康差,7-9分为一般,10-14分为理想。

结果显示,共有20305名参与者(平均年龄50±14岁;54%为女性),在15.0年的中位随访中,发生了2548例癌症事件。CVD风险因素,包括年龄、性别和吸烟状态,都与癌症独立相关。

 

仅吸烟一项,不管是曾经吸烟还是目前仍吸烟,都与癌症整体风险升高30%与75%有关。其中,曾经吸烟增加290%肺癌风险,目前吸烟则更是增加1200%肺癌发生可能。同时,10年内发生动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(ASCVD)的风险也与未来的癌症相关。危险度每升高5%,与患癌风险升高16%相关。

进一步研究发现,心血管标志物利尿肽的水平升高会导致患癌风险增加。与最低水平的1/3参与者相比,最高1/3水平的参与者癌症风险增加40%。但癌症风险与另一心血管标志物高敏肌钙蛋白无关。

另一方面,维持CV健康状态却能降低未来癌症风险相关。AHA健康评分每增加1分,癌症风险降低5%。

研究人员指出,如果能做到不吸烟(或尽早戒烟)、保持健康体重、适度锻炼、平衡膳食,不仅能保证CV健康,同时也能降低癌症风险,可谓“一举两得”。

总的来说,该研究表明,CVD风险因素、10年ASCVD风险评分和钠尿肽浓度所反映的CVD风险与未来癌症风险增加有关。相反,心脏健康的生活方式与较低的未来癌症风险相关。

 

参考文献:

Emily S. Lau Jennifer E. Ho et. al. Cardiovascular Risk Factors Are Associated With Future Cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol CardioOnc. 2021 Mar, 3 (1) 48-58

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    2021-09-15 hbwxf
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    2021-03-24 jeanqiuqiu
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