JNNP:损伤性精神神经外科:跨诊断方法对临床结果的荟萃分析

2021-07-18 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

重性抑郁障碍(MDD)的患病率为11%–14%,其中1/3的患者被认为对治疗有抵抗力。 强迫症(OCD)的患病率为2%–3%,大约1/3的患者对指南治疗无效。患有难治性MDD或

重性抑郁障碍(MDD)的患病率为11%–14%,其中1/3的患者被认为对治疗有抵抗力。 强迫症(OCD)的患病率为2%–3%,大约1/3的患者对指南治疗无效。患有难治性MDD或强迫症的患者生活质量受损,医疗保健使用增加,自杀风险增加,强调需要开发超出传统药物治疗/心理治疗的额外治疗方案。神经外科是治疗严重难治性MDD和强迫症的一种选择。目前,有四种主要的针对精神病适应症的消融手术:扣带回切开术、包膜切开术、囊下束切开术和边缘白细胞切开术,这些手术着眼于选择性地将前额叶皮质的边缘部分与丘脑和基底节断开,同时保留了执行功能所属的脑区区域。

这些病变的手术或认知并发症的发生率相对较低,对于患有长期难治性疾病的患者来说是一种重要的治疗选择。进行消融手术最常用的三种方式是开放手术(射频消融或射频消融),立体定向放射外科(SRS)或磁共振引导聚焦超声(MRgFUS)。在这篇文章中对迄今为止最大规模的消融性精神神经外科进行了荟萃分析。本文的目的是辨别囊切开术、扣带切开术、囊下束切开术和边缘白细胞切开术对抑郁,强迫症状 ,焦虑。临床状况的影响。

Figure 2

Meta分析步骤

标题、摘要和全文筛选由两位作者(BD和DE-J)独立进行,分歧通过协商一致解决。对报告消融性精神神经外科手术后临床结果的研究进行了预先登记的系统回顾。在抑郁、OC症状、焦虑和一般临床印象方面进行临床评分。抑郁症状最常使用17项汉密尔顿抑郁评定量表(HAM-D)报告每项研究提取了四个可能的结果指标:抑郁、强迫症状、焦虑和临床结果。使用等分链接将症状评分转换为一个共同指标。主要观察指标为抑郁、强迫症状、焦虑和临床总体印象的改善程度。次要结果是比较四种手术之间症状变化程度的亚组分析。

Figure 6

临床结果改善

在943篇文章中,43项研究报告了1414名患者的数据,纳入了随机效应荟萃分析的综合效应评估。结果表明:抑郁改善的量较大(g=1.27;强迫症(g=2.25;p<0.0001)和焦虑(g=1.76;p<0.0001)。临床总体改善总分为2.36(p<0.0001)。在亚组分析中,两种手术类型对焦虑症状的影响大小仅存在显著程度的异质性,与扣带切开术相比,囊切开术能更有效地降低焦虑。研究间异质性对所有结果都有显著影响(I2从78%到95%),并且不考虑受试者的年龄、性别、随访时间、发表日期或偏倚风险。这反映了一个事实,即纳入的研究发表于1968年至2020年间,涉及各种手术方式(射频、近距离治疗、SRS和MRgFUS)、患者群体、随访方案和结果测量。然而,这种异质性也反映了精神神经调节领域的一个潜在现实,即这些疾病代表了大量的变异性和复杂性。突出了这些数据的复杂异质性。

总之,现代神经外科手术与抑郁、强迫症状、焦虑和临床总体印象的改善显著相关。

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    2021-08-23 venlin
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