心包海绵状血管瘤影像表现一例

2019-09-04 韩雪莉 郭华 临床放射学杂志

患者女,60岁。7天前无明显诱因胸痛,呈持续性,不伴咳嗽、咳痰、咯血,休息后不可缓解。体格检查及实验室检查未见明显异常。心脏超声示(图1A、B):左室侧壁近心尖部心包腔内、紧邻肺动脉外侧实性占位,心包少量积液。

患者女,60岁。7天前无明显诱因胸痛,呈持续性,不伴咳嗽、咳痰、咯血,休息后不可缓解。体格检查及实验室检查未见明显异常。心脏超声示(图1A、B):左室侧壁近心尖部心包腔内、紧邻肺动脉外侧实性占位,心包少量积液。


图1A、B 心脏超声示肿块位于心包腔内,紧邻左室侧壁近心尖部、肺动脉外侧
 
CT检查(图2A~C):心包内可见大小约9.5 cm×8.9 cm类圆形占位灶,密度均匀,平扫CT值约为48HU,增强呈明显不均匀强化,边界尚清,心包内可见积液影。考虑良性病变。




图2A~C CT平扫示心包内低密度影,动脉期肿块边缘呈明显强化,静脉期强化灶向肿块中央扩展
 
手术所见:心包腔左侧可见大小约10 cm×9 cm占位,可见蒂,蒂位于左心耳处,与心脏及心包无粘连。术后病理:心包腔海绵状血管瘤(图3)。患者10天后出院,恢复良好。


图3 心包腔海绵状血管瘤(HE×40)
 
讨论
 
血管瘤是一种良性肿瘤,发生于心脏非常罕见,组织学上血管瘤可分为海绵状血管瘤、毛细血管瘤、蔓状血管瘤等。发病机制目前尚不清楚。心包海绵状血管瘤患者临床表现与肿瘤的大小、生长速度、部位、有无栓塞和浸润程度有关,部分患者无明显症状,可经体检偶然发现,部分患者可表现为呼吸困难、胸痛等。超声检查可明确肿瘤附着处并观察肿瘤形态、边界、回声、活动度等情况,同时还可以观察和评价心脏瓣膜功能,心包海绵状血管瘤在超声学检查常表现为心包内为无回声、低回声、高回声和混合回声,肿瘤可由蒂样结构连于心脏,CT扫描可进一步获得肿瘤的大小、部位、形态、密度、血供及其与周围脏器的关系。
 
心包海绵状血管瘤的CT特征为平扫呈边界清楚的圆形或者类圆形低密度肿块,对比增强扫描是海绵状血管瘤的关键。动脉期肿瘤边缘可出现散在斑片状、结节状明显强化灶,接近同层强化大血管密度。静脉期散在的强化灶相互融合同时向肿瘤中央扩展。本例病灶的影像学表现与上述一致。
 
综上所述,心包海绵状血管瘤发病率低,结合影像学表现,可提高该疾病的诊断价值,临床上遇到该疾病可以尽早行手术治疗,提高患者的预后。
 
原始出处:

韩雪莉,郭华.心包海绵状血管瘤影像表现一例[J].临床放射学杂志,2018(04):719.

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    2019-09-06 cooco
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    2019-09-05 天地飞扬

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