JAMA Pediatr:一石二鸟:轮状病毒疫苗还可预防1型糖尿病?

2019-02-16 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

澳大利亚墨尔本研究人员发表于JAMA Pediatrics的一项新研究表明,被诊断为1型糖尿病的幼儿人数下降可能与澳大利亚婴儿常规接种轮状病毒疫苗有关。

澳大利亚墨尔本研究人员发表于JAMA Pediatrics的一项新研究表明,被诊断为1型糖尿病的幼儿人数下降可能与澳大利亚婴儿常规接种轮状病毒疫苗有关。

自20世纪80年代以来,澳大利亚乃至世界范围内1型糖尿病的发病率稳步上升,但人们对此增长的原因却知之甚少。1型糖尿病是一种严重的终生自身免疫疾病,其病因主要是人体免疫系统破坏胰腺中产生胰岛素的细胞。

在这项研究中,研究人员调查了2000~2015年澳大利亚确诊为1型糖尿病的儿童,结果发现,0~4岁儿童的1型糖尿病发病率从2007年开始下降,但在5~14岁的儿童中则未发现下降,这表明,幼儿可能受到一种保护性因素的影响,而这种保护性因素不会影响较大的儿童。

这是自20世纪80年代以来澳大利亚幼儿1型糖尿病的发病率首次下降。早期研究显示,轮状病毒自然感染可能是1型糖尿病的危险因素。2007年口服轮状病毒疫苗被引入澳大利亚国家免疫计划,定期给2~4个月大的婴儿接种,以保护其免受严重、可能危及生命的腹泻的威胁。而本研究中的发现正与这一国家免疫计划的情况一致。因此,研究人员推测,1型糖尿病发病率下降可能与常规接种轮状病毒疫苗有关。

研究的主要作者、沃尔特和伊丽莎霍尔学院的Len Harrison教授指出,二十年前其研究小组揭示了儿童1型糖尿病免疫标志物的出现与轮状病毒感染之间的联系,实验室模型的后续研究表明,胰腺细胞的轮状病毒感染可引发对胰岛素生成细胞的免疫攻击,类似于发生在1型糖尿病中的免疫攻击。这项最新研究表明,通过接种疫苗预防澳大利亚婴儿轮状病毒感染也可能降低他们患1型糖尿病的风险。目前,尚不清楚这种1型糖尿病的减少是一种永久性影响还是短暂性影响,未来还需继续开展这方面的研究。

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    2019-02-16 misszhang

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