智齿拔除后吃剩的止痛药怎么办?

2016-09-25 佚名 Medicalxpress

宾夕法尼亚大学医学院与口腔科学院的一项新研究表明,手术拔除牙齿后开具的阿片类止痛药处方,如拔智齿等,有超过一半的都没被患者服用。作者表示这些剩余的药物非常让人担忧,因为可能会导致持续的阿片流行,有证据表明滥用处方阿片药物的人经常都会使用家人或朋友的处方药。研究已经发表在《药物与酒精依赖》上,研究表明加强药房中处方药处理站和小额经济奖励可能会增加20%以上阿片类药物的合理处理。 健康政策咨

宾夕法尼亚大学医学院与口腔科学院的一项新研究表明,手术拔除牙齿后开具的阿片类止痛药处方,如拔智齿等,有超过一半的都没被患者服用。作者表示这些剩余的药物非常让人担忧,因为可能会导致持续的阿片流行,有证据表明滥用处方阿片药物的人经常都会使用家人或朋友的处方药。研究已经发表在《药物与酒精依赖》上,研究表明加强药房中处方药处理站和小额经济奖励可能会增加20%以上阿片类药物的合理处理。

 

健康政策咨询公司勒温集团的急救医生和健康服务研究员、第一作者Brandon C. Maughan博士进行这项研究时,还兼任了宾夕法尼亚大学佩雷尔曼医学院Robert Wood Johnson基金会的临床学者,他表示,对于广大美国人口,我们的发现表明,牙齿拔除后开给患者的阿片类药物,有超过10千万阿片药物没有被使用,使得患者及其家人朋友滥用或误用药物的可能性增加。鉴于美国越来越多的关于阿片类处方药滥用的关注,所有的开处方人员,包括医生、口腔外科医师和临床口腔医生都有责任限制阿片的暴露,向患者解释滥用阿片的风险,教育患者妥善处理药物。

 

研究中,研究人员对79名患者牙齿拔除后阿片处方药的情况进行研究,分析了小额经济奖励和关于药房药物处理项目对患者妥善处理未使用药物的影响。研究人员还测试了利用短信平台收集疼痛和处方药物使用数据的有效性。

 

登记期间,参与者会收到一张预置有10美元的借记卡。手术后第一周,评估疼痛水平和药物使用情况的调查都是每天通过短信发送的,手术后第14天和第21天也会发送短信调查。对于每例已经完成的手术,参与者会收到额外的3美元。完成随访健康调查的患者还会受到10美元。

 

手术后24小时,患者报告的服用止痛药时的平均疼痛指数为5(最高为10)。到第二天,有超过一半的(51%)的患者报告的疼痛指数较低(0-3),到第五天,约有80%的患者的疼痛指数都很低。

 

多数患者(94%)都得到了阿片类药物的处方来控制疼痛,有82%的患者还同时得到了非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)的处方,有78%的患者得到了抗生素处方。一般来说,没有发生术后并发症的患者(93%)的处方中含有28粒阿片类药物,但是术后3周后只服用了13粒,这就会留下超过1000粒未服用的阿片类药物。只有5名患者服用了所有处方中的药物。

 

宾夕法尼亚大学口腔医学院口腔与颌骨手术药理学教授,研究作者之一Elliot V. Hersh博士称,我们的研究结果显示,在术后5天内,多数患者的疼痛都很轻了,但是,多数患者都有超过一半的阿片类处方药剩余。研究显示处方药非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs),如布洛芬等与对乙酰氨基酚联用获得的疼痛缓解效果与含阿片的药物相比更好,而且副作用更少。虽然阿片类药物在术后急性疼痛控制方面有一定作用,但是应该将这些药物用在更严重的疼痛方面,而且应该限制数量。

 

此外,还有结果显示向患者提供专门的药物处置程序可以使患者妥善处理或计划妥善处理剩余阿片类药物的人数提高22%。控制组的患者接受的术后指导中含有一张控制药物的信息表,包括保留未使用的阿片类药物的具体风险,解释一个试行的热线可以为患者处置过量药物提供信息。相比而言,干预组的患者也收到了同样的说明,同时还收到了药房药物处理项目的一页概况。

 

Maughan称,向社区内患者经常去的地点,拓展药物处理机制,如杂货店和零售药店等,可能会实质性地增加这些项目的使用频率。通过提供一张一页的信息表和小额的经济奖励,患者愿意妥善处理未使用过的阿片类药物的积极性就会显著增强。结果表明,以后的试验可能利用类似的低强度、低成本的干预方法来降低阿片类药物的使用。

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    2016-10-11 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    好文章,受益

    0

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    2016-10-06 drmike

    但是阿片类确实会造成上瘾

    0

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    2016-10-06 drmike

    但是其他的镇痛药也有很多副作用!

    0

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    2016-10-06 drmike

    意思是使用其它镇痛药咯?

    0

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    2016-10-06 drmike

    这个研究也是有意思……

    0

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=144886, encodeId=2538144886cc, content=好文章,受益, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzdAIB7UwTkHt6fQkBP8ictliaXtc5gCUmYdAW1sAETC2nhO3q6YjRHkUibyOCtP8ibmXNObTyd63A076/0, createdBy=d4111948983, createdName=1e10c84am36(暂无匿称), createdTime=Tue Oct 11 18:35:05 CST 2016, time=2016-10-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141207, encodeId=163e14120e33, content=但是阿片类确实会造成上瘾, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=73, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161003/IMG57F1CE4724D2E2574.jpg, createdBy=c2eb1960303, createdName=drmike, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 19:15:47 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141206, encodeId=79401412068d, content=但是其他的镇痛药也有很多副作用!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161003/IMG57F1CE4724D2E2574.jpg, createdBy=c2eb1960303, createdName=drmike, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 19:14:36 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141205, encodeId=14a4141205f6, content=意思是使用其它镇痛药咯?, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161003/IMG57F1CE4724D2E2574.jpg, createdBy=c2eb1960303, createdName=drmike, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 19:13:59 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=141204, encodeId=8dbd1412047c, content=这个研究也是有意思……, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=55, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20161003/IMG57F1CE4724D2E2574.jpg, createdBy=c2eb1960303, createdName=drmike, createdTime=Thu Oct 06 19:11:00 CST 2016, time=2016-10-06, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1289956, encodeId=6bc51289956d0, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=50e36316e7d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63167, encryptionId=50e36316e7d, topicName=止痛药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4f32220, createdName=lancelotzzl, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 13:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405512, encodeId=22f514055129d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=597b631634d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=20, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63163, encryptionId=597b631634d, topicName=止痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8da42553722, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 13:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1582862, encodeId=d1e9158286205, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9b8660136c5' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#智齿#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=60136, encryptionId=9b8660136c5, topicName=智齿)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=5d6116968760, createdName=ms6323715314570549, createdTime=Tue Sep 27 13:59:00 CST 2016, time=2016-09-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
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