Nature:灵长类有艾滋病自愈能力,其基因有望成为治愈HIV关键

2018-01-04 佚名 medicalxpress

研究人员在西非发现了一种猴子,它们可以很好的处理艾滋病病毒SIV感染,避免发展类似艾滋病疾病,这一现象引起了研究人员的注意。

研究人员在西非发现了一种猴子,它们可以很好的处理艾滋病病毒SIV感染,避免发展类似艾滋病疾病,这一现象引起了研究人员的注意。

为了了解这一机制,来自耶尔克斯国家灵长类研究中心的一组科学家对猴子的基因组进行了测序。通过将其与人类和其他非人类灵长类动物的基因组进行比较,该小组找到了帮助感染艾滋病毒人类的线索。研究SIV和它的天然宿主在没有艾滋病的情况下是如何共存的,可以转化为改善对艾滋病感染者的长期护理,减少母婴传播,以及指导艾滋病疫苗的开发。研究结果发表在出版的《自然》杂志上。

由埃默里大学耶尔克斯研究中心微生物和免疫学的科学家们表示,这是第一个通过物种间基因组分析来识别和验证调控一种重要疾病过程的基因。“我们正在利用经过数千多年的进化实验,揭示出感染SIV的可能性。”

研究人员表示:“当我们将整个基因组序列进行分析,专家对疾病原因的了解结合起来时,这个项目是科学进步的一个很好的例子,在这种情况下,对SIV感染的免疫反应。通过整合贝勒医学院的基因组学专业知识,以及研究人员的长期经验,我们已经产生了真正令人兴奋和重要的结果。”

除了白眉猴之外,还有其他的猴子,如钻头和非洲绿猴都是病毒自然宿主。当被感染上这种病毒的时候,他们维持免疫细胞的健康水平并没有发展成艾滋病。保护与非自然宿主的对比,如猕猴,就是类似艾滋病的疾病进展,使他们了解HIV感染的人体模型。遗传分析表明,感染艾滋病毒的人是通过多个跨物种传播SIV从非人灵长类动物,包括黑猩猩和乌白眉猴。

“我们发现在白眉猴基因组的免疫系统蛋白两大差异,我们希望这将有助于我们更好地理解为什么乌白眉猴避免艾滋病或SIV感染。”其中一个主要区别是对免疫细胞粘附分子,叫ICAM2,在乌白眉猴没有这种分子的功能。ICAM2基因的缺失似乎是白眉猴和其他SIV自然宿主或其他的灵长类动物的特征,如狒狒和猕猴。

此外,乌白眉猴有改变的TLR4蛋白,TLR4是天然免疫传感部分,触发响应的细菌膜组件的激活。“这一发现是有趣的,因为肠屏障损伤及细菌释放有助于慢性免疫活化,这是与HIV感染人类和非自然宿主SIV感染艾滋病的进展有关。”

在白眉猴中,低活性形式的TLR4可能减少针对SIV感染的免疫激活。TLR4的变化在白眉猴和其他自然宿主的基因组共同存在,科学家们跟踪这些结果显示这些差异如何影响免疫细胞的行为。下一步是探索微妙的基因组差异。

“这是艾滋病研究的一个非常激动人心的时刻,柏林的病人是唯一被治愈的艾滋病幸存者,我们看到了艾滋病的治疗是可能的。白眉猴和其他自然寄主为科学家提供了一个路线图,一种应对艾滋病的路线图,通过研究这些物种的整个基因组,我们团队认为可以加速研究抗击艾滋病毒和艾滋病的区别,彻底消灭艾滋病。”

原始出处:

David Palesch, Steven E. Bosinger, Guido Silvestri, et.al. Sooty mangabey genome sequence provides insight into AIDS resistance in a natural SIV host. Nature

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    2018-02-06 lg.zhao
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    2018-05-16 liye789132251
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    2018-10-28 jxrzshh
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    2018-01-04 湾湾游

    希望艾滋病早日能够实现治愈

    0

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