Lancet Infect Dis:流感:奥司他韦联合抗病毒治疗比单药临床获益更多?

2018-01-26 吴星 环球医学

2017年12月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》上的一项随机、双盲、多中心2期试验,考察了奥司他韦联合抗病毒治疗vs奥司他韦单药在流感治疗中的有效性。

2017年12月,发表在《Lancet Infect Dis》上的一项随机、双盲、多中心2期试验,考察了奥司他韦联合抗病毒治疗vs奥司他韦单药在流感治疗中的有效性。

背景:尽管建立了长期的疫苗计划,批准了抗病毒药物,但流感仍旧对社会经济和健康有着重大影响。临床前数据表明,联合抗病毒治疗比奥司他韦单药在流感治疗中或许更有效。

方法:研究人员进行了一项随机、双盲、多中心2期试验,试验内容为比较奥司他韦+金刚烷胺+利巴韦林vs奥司他韦单药+配对安慰剂治疗流感,且该试验在包含学术医疗中心门诊、急诊、私人医生诊室在内的美国、泰国、墨西哥、阿根廷和澳大利亚的共50个地区进行。根据在线电脑产生的随机系统,将至少18岁的流感感染且并发症风险增加的患者,按照1:1的比例随机分配到奥司他韦(75mg)+金刚烷胺(100mg)+利巴韦林(600mg)或奥司他韦单药组中,且每天两次共5天,给药方式为口服,参与者被随访28天。盲法治疗工具用于实现患者和试验人员盲。首要终点为第3天时,PCR可检测到鼻咽拭子中存在病毒的参与者比例,其中对参与随机分组的基线鼻咽样本经中心实验室证实为流感感染的并且接受了至少1次研究药物给药的患者进行评估。意愿治疗人群中的所有患者都进行了安全性评估。

结果:2011年3月1日~2016年4月29日,633例患者被随机分配到联合治疗组(316人)或单药组(317人)。7例患者被排除在分析之外:其中3例未恰当地的随机分组,3例退出研究,1例失访。首要分析纳入了394例参与者,排除了47例试点阶段患者,172例未被证实为流感者以及13例无终点样本者。在联合组的200例患者中有80例(40.0%)在第3天时具有可检测到的病毒,而在单药组的194例患者中有97例(50.0%)在第3天时具有可检测到的病毒(平均差,10.0;95% CI,0.2~19.8;P=0.046)。最常见的不良事件为胃肠道相关的疾病,主要为恶心[联合组报道的556例事件中有65例(12%),单药组报道的585例中有63例(11%)]、腹泻[56/556(10%)vs 64/585(11%)]、呕吐[39/556(7%)vs 23/585(4%)]。多个临床次要终点没有获益,如症状持续的中位时间(联合组4.5天,单药组4.0天,P=0.21)。单药组有1例老年患者死于随机分组后13天的心血管衰竭,当地研究者认为,该死亡与研究干预不相关。

结论:与单药相比,虽然联合治疗在第3天时的病毒脱落表现出显着性的减少,但该差异与临床获益的改善不相关。需要更多的工作来理解为何鉴别出了病毒学结局的差异却无临床获益。

原始出处

Beigel JH, Bao Y, Beeler J, et al. Oseltamivir, amantadine, and ribavirin combination antiviral therapy versus oseltamivir monotherapy for the treatment of influenza: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Dec;17(12):1255-1265. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30476-0. Epub 2017 Sep 22.

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    2019-01-08 howi
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    2018-01-28 yahu
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    2018-01-26 龙胆草

    学习谢谢分享

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