NATURE:这种遗传突变增加儿童脑瘤风险

2020-04-20 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

遗传易感性占儿童癌症诊断的5至10%,而其与已知的体细胞驱动的遗传事件之间的关联还不甚清楚。

癌症基因组学揭示了许多导致人类恶性肿瘤的基因和核心分子过程,但至今为止,许多罕见癌症的遗传和分子基础仍不清楚。

遗传易感性占儿童癌症诊断的5至10%,而其与已知的体细胞驱动的遗传事件之间的关联还不甚清楚。已确定的癌症易感基因中的致病性种系变异体最近在5%的恶性脑肿瘤髓母细胞瘤患者中被发现.

在这里,通过分析所有蛋白编码基因,研究人员在14%的SHH髓母细胞瘤亚组(MBSHHH)儿科患者中发现并复制了跨ELP1的罕见种系功能缺失变异体。

ELP1是最常见的髓母细胞瘤易感基因,并使MBSHHH小儿患者中的遗传易感性增加到40%。家族性分析和儿科分析发现了两个有小儿髓母细胞瘤病史的家庭。ELP1相关的髓母细胞瘤仅限于分子SHHα亚型4,其特点是由于染色体臂9q的体细胞丧失而导致ELP1普遍性双链失活。大多数与ELP1相关的髓母细胞瘤也表现出了PTCH1的体细胞性改变,这表明种系ELP1功能缺失的变体使个体在与SHH信号激活相结合的情况下容易发生肿瘤。

ELP1是进化保守的Elongator复合体的最大亚单位,它通过在摇摆(U34)位置的tRNA修饰催化翻译延伸。与ELP1相关的MBSHHH患者的肿瘤的特点是一个不稳定的Elongator复合物,Elongator依赖性的tRNA修饰的损失,密码子依赖性的翻译重编程,和诱导的未折叠的蛋白质反应。这与模式生物中Elongator缺乏导致的蛋白质同源性的损失相一致。

因此,蛋白质组不稳定的遗传易感性可能是小儿脑癌发病机制中的一个决定性因素。

 

原始出处:

Sebastian M. Waszak et al. Germline Elongator mutations in Sonic Hedgehog medulloblastoma. NATURE, 2020.

 

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    2020-08-27 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习了

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    2021-01-30 liye789132251
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    2020-04-22 jxrzshh

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