European Radiology:对于脑卒中患者来说,仅仅使用CT还远远不够!

2022-01-15 shaosai MedSci原创

缺血性卒中是导致患者严重残疾的主要原因之一,也是全世界心血管疾病死亡的主要原因。

缺血性卒中是导致患者严重残疾的主要原因之一,也是全世界心血管疾病死亡的主要原因。缺血性卒中造成的经济负担非常高,2008年美国用于卒中的费用约为655亿美元,预计2012年至2030年将增加到约1841亿美元。在急性期,住院时间是最重要的成本驱动因素。在重大卒中发生之前,大约15-30%的人有轻微卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA),其中40%的前驱事件发生在7天内,约20%发生在重大缺血性卒中之前的24小时内。临床上对小卒中的定义不明确通常适用于美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分较低(分别为≤1或≤3)的缺血性卒中。紧急识别这些患者并立即启动二级预防措施,可使随后发生的大中风的风险降低80-90%。因此,及时诊断小卒中对快速启动二级预防措施和预防大卒中的发生至关重要。

在大多数急诊科,头部计CT扫描是怀疑有颅内病变的神经系统患者的主要成像方式。对于神经系统严重受损、缺血性卒中预检概率高的患者,平扫CT可辅以CT血管成像和全脑CT灌注成像。在小的缺血性病变中,平扫CT可能阴性,特别是在急性期MRI则对急性期缺血性病变的显示极为敏感。然而,已知时间和金钱资源限制了门诊环境中MRI的可用性。为了发现小的缺血性病变提高急诊环境下的诊断信心,最好对这部分患者进行简易的急诊MRI扫描

近日,发表在European Radiology杂志的一项研究探讨了在有轻度和非特异性临床症状的神经系统急诊患者中,在平扫CT阴性后进行补充短扫面方案颅脑MRI扫描的成本效益为急诊患者病情的准确判断及及时治疗提供了流程参考

本研究应用决策分析的Markov模型进行了 "无额外成像 "和 "额外短扫描方案MRI "的评估策略。假设有40%的患者在没有短扫描方案MRI的情况下,在初步评估中错过了轻微卒中。假设对检测到的轻微卒中患者进行专门的卒中后护理,并立即采取二级预防措施。实用性和生活质量指标以质量调整后的生命年(QALYs)来估计。输入参数从文献中获得。Markov模型模拟了长达30年的随访期。支付意愿设定为每QALY 100,000美元。计算了成本效益,并进行了确定性和概率性的敏感性分析。 

额外的短扫描方案MRI是主导策略,总成本为26,304美元(仅CT:27,109美元)。仅CT组的累计计算有效性为14.25QALYs(短MRI组:14.31QALYs)。在确定性的敏感性分析中,在所有调查范围内,额外的短扫描方案MRI仍然是主导策略。基准案例分析中的概率敏感性分析结果得到了证实,额外的短扫描方案磁共振成像带来了更低的成本和更高的有效性。 

 具有代表性的隐蔽性小卒中患者CT图像,患者表现为一过性左侧轻度偏瘫。平扫CT(a)没有显示任何缺血性卒中的迹象。扩散加权成像(b,b1000)和相应的表观弥散系数图(ADC图,c)显示,从短扫描MRI方案中发现,在右内囊的后肢有缺血性病变(箭头)。

本演技表明对于有轻度和非特异性症状的特定神经系统患者来说,在平扫头部CT阴性后追加短扫描方案急诊颅脑MRI是一种具有成本效益的检查流程,可带来较低的成本和较高的质量水平为临床脑卒中患者的诊治流程规范化管理提供了参考依据

原文出处

Daniel Puhr-Westerheide,Matthias F Froelich,Olga Solyanik,et al.Cost-effectiveness of short-protocol emergency brain MRI after negative non-contrast CT for minor stroke detection.DOI:10.1007/s00330-021-08222-z

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