Sci Signal:科学家发现止痛新方法 有望降低药物耐受性和上瘾风险

2018-08-22 赵熙熙 中国科学报

美国科学家发现,沿两条化学途径(其中一条为先前发现的与大脑感觉“痒”相关的途径)激活神经细胞受体与常规使用阿片类药物(如吗啡等)钝化疼痛的方法相结合,可以改善缓解疼痛的效果。

美国科学家发现,沿两条化学途径(其中一条为先前发现的与大脑感觉“痒”相关的途径)激活神经细胞受体与常规使用阿片类药物(如吗啡等)钝化疼痛的方法相结合,可以改善缓解疼痛的效果。

科学家在小鼠中进行了实验,其结果表明,使用化合物联合激活这些受体可以通过减少对阿片类药物的需要量来降低阿片类药物耐受性和副作用的风险,后者是高致瘾性止痛药常见的问题。

研究人员在日前出版的《科学—信号》杂志上报告了这一研究成果。

科学家表示,用于激活上述啮齿类动物研究中的受体MrgC11的对应人类受体药物未被批准用于人体实验。科学家正在与化学家合作开发能够同时靶向人类Mrg受体和阿片受体的新药物。

约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院麻醉学和危重病医学与神经病学教授Srinivasa Raja表示:“激活存在于相同感觉神经元中的两种不同受体可能会产生协同作用,因而需要较少的药物就可在动物模型中产生更好的疼痛缓解效果。如果在人类中的测试获得成功,则可以降低产生药物耐受性和上瘾的风险。”

Raja指出,这项新研究建立在该校和其他研究机构几位科学家在几十年研究中观察到的现象的基础上,即痒觉和痛觉之间有一些共同的复杂生物化学和感官特征。

目前研究中的一种受体——MrgC11——在20年前由约翰斯·霍普金斯大学医学院神经科学教授及霍华德休斯医学研究所研究员Xinzhong Dong在小鼠感觉神经元中发现,它是一个由50个类似受体组成的家族中的一员。Dong发现MrgC11与小鼠“瘙痒”感知有关,而最近的研究表明它还与疼痛感知有关。

受体是细胞表面作为检测环境传感器的一类蛋白质(在该研究中为神经元)。小鼠中的MrgC11受体(人类的对应受体为MrgX1)存在于初级感觉神经元中,这是感知外部世界的第一类神经元。

该研究资深及主要作者、该校医学院麻醉学和危重病医学副教授Yun Guan说:“我们以前的工作显示,MrgC11在初级感觉神经元中的作用与阿片受体非常类似。而现在我们发现,MrgC11还可以与另一种受体结合,以增强对疼痛的缓解。”

作为疼痛钝化作用的一部分,动物和人类神经元上的疼痛受体倾向于彼此黏附在一起,这可能是为了确保至少一种受体在感觉疼痛时会有反应。

科学家普遍认为,这种受体的“黏性”组合可能是靶向两种受体而不仅是一种受体的实验性止痛药物的理想作用位点。通过激活多个受体,科学家猜测可能会使用更少的药物来减轻疼痛。

在当前的研究中,科学家使用抗体(一种以特异性锁定其他蛋白质的蛋白质)了解MrgC11是否与同样位于初级感觉神经元上的已被深入研究的μ-阿片受体(MOR,常用的阿片类吗啡的目标)黏附在一起。

科学家使用一种检测以确定它们的抗体(也就是这些受体)是否基本上黏附在一起。他们发现,在实验中使用的3只小鼠和3只大鼠体内的数百个神经元中,MrgC11的确在位置上非常接近MOR。此外,他们还发现这两种受体经常混合在一起形成一种被称为异二聚体的复合物。

研究人员表示,通过脊髓液给药,该联合治疗使他们能够使用少于原剂量1/4的吗啡获得相同的疼痛缓解效果。

Guan说:“阿片类药物的局限性之一就是对药物的耐受性。为了获得相同的疼痛缓解效果,医生必须不断提高药物剂量。因此,如果我们能够从较低剂量的药物开始,则可能会延缓其耐受性并减少副作用。”

原始出处:

Shao-Qiu He, Qian Xu, Vinod Tiwari, et.al. Oligomerization of MrgC11 and μ-opioid receptors in sensory neurons enhances morphine analgesia. Sci. Signal.  19 Jun 2018:

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  6. 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content=<a href='/topic/show?id=7b3d1630617' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Signal#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=26, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=16306, encryptionId=7b3d1630617, topicName=Signal)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=102a153, createdName=yaanren, createdTime=Mon Sep 10 05:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-09-10, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=340574, encodeId=10b83405e4f0, content=谢谢分享学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=67, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4o2XVpJ6449yqDsjibydI5HnJ8MibGxNn4HZiaZib0bdfibbwoz3KQrIyN9AGxq36ZlZRNicYlPfOOWMtwgsajY6mGNFiaPclFdowjD0/0, createdBy=97bd1338592, createdName=清风拂面, createdTime=Fri Aug 24 16:59:56 CST 2018, time=2018-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1405551, encodeId=9a2b140555101, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=597b631634d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#止痛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=63163, encryptionId=597b631634d, topicName=止痛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8da42553722, createdName=zhangxingru, createdTime=Fri Aug 24 05:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1417686, encodeId=f701141e6860b, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=aada80351ae' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#耐受性#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=23, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=80351, encryptionId=aada80351ae, topicName=耐受性)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=43843300457, createdName=Smile2681, createdTime=Fri Aug 24 05:59:00 CST 2018, time=2018-08-24, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-09-10 yaanren
  7. 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    2018-08-24 清风拂面

    谢谢分享学习

    0

  8. 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