Stroke:鞘内注射巴氯芬治疗卒中后疼痛

2018-10-22 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

卒中是成人疼痛和残疾的主要原因,这会到之后广泛的身体、情绪和社会经济上的问题。卒中后疼痛的原因复杂,可能和骨骼肌、中枢神经有关,或因为肌肉张力高痉挛状态。卒中后遗症会对患者的生活质量(quality of life,QoL)造成负面影响;原因是多方面的,直接相关的原因包括活动减少、无法自我护理和日常生活活动、社会关系减少、以及一些主观症状蔽日疼痛、疲劳和抑郁。


卒中是成人疼痛和残疾的主要原因,这会到之后广泛的身体、情绪和社会经济上的问题。卒中后疼痛的原因复杂,可能和骨骼肌、中枢神经有关,或因为肌肉张力高痉挛状态。卒中后遗症会对患者的生活质量(quality of life,QoL)造成负面影响;原因是多方面的,直接相关的原因包括活动减少、无法自我护理和日常生活活动、社会关系减少、以及一些主观症状蔽日疼痛、疲劳和抑郁。

痉挛状态是卒中的常见长期并发症,高达13%的卒中后患者忍受着严重残疾性痉挛状态。与正常肌张力患者相比,卒中后痉挛状态(poststroke spasticity,PSS)患者疼痛发生率更高,健康相关QoL更低。除了躯体和康复策略以外,药物也可以用于PSS,最常用的口服抗痉挛药物为巴氯芬。全身性抗痉挛药物主要为注射用肉毒素用于治疗局部痉挛。鞘内注射巴氯芬(Intrathecal baclofen,ITB)适用于严重、慢性脑源性或脊髓源性痉挛,包括卒中后广泛(generalized)痉挛性肌张力增高。在美国,大约44万PSS患者从ITB中获益。从以前发表的卒中后非随机研究和病例研究显示,ITB能够降低四肢肌肉张力和痉挛状态,减少疼痛,改善QoL。另外,这种方法也能够降低脑瘫和多发性硬化患者的疼痛,改善QoL。

为了进一步评价ITB治疗方案对PSS的作用,来自美国的Michael Creamer等进行了SISTERS试验,这是截止到目前为止第一个ITB治疗PSS的随机对照研究。该研究共纳入了60例严重PSS患者,并且经过其他治疗措施(物理治疗、肉毒素注射和口服药物)皆未达到治疗目标,比较了ITB治疗与传统药物治疗(conventional medical management,CMM)比如口服抗痉挛药物的疗效。本着当前的护理标准,在研究期间两组患者皆给予物理治疗。该研究主要终点结果已经发表,他们发现ITB治疗比CMM治疗能够显著降低6个月时下肢痉挛状态。此外,尽管该研究分析二级终点的效能不足,但是研究者还是观察到ITB能够显著降低上肢的痉挛状态,提示ITB治疗对PSS的作用是确切和宽效应的。

2018年9月来自美国的Michael Creamer等在Stroke杂志上公布了SISTERS研究预先设定的二级终点结果,包括疼痛、QoL以及患者的满意度。

SISTERS是4期随机对照、开放标签、平行组、多中心试验,由欧洲11家康复医院和美国7家中心参与。纳入标准主要包括卒中后患者>=2个肢体痉挛,>=2个受影响肌群Ashworth量表得分>=3分。适合的患者按照1:1的比例随机给予ITB治疗或CCM治疗,ITB组采用力奥来素鞘内注射(巴氯芬鞘内注射)。

他们发现从基线到6个月时Numeric Pain Rating Scale疼痛评分ITB组改善明显优于CMM组((ITB vs CMM: 平均, ?1.17 [SD, 3.17] vs 0.00 [3.29]; 平均, ?1.00 vs 0.00; P=0.0380),最低疼痛和EuroQoL-5 dimensional 3 level utility评分也取得了相同的结果。组间EuroQol–5 dimensional 3 level visual analog scale, stroke-specific QoL summary, or Numeric Pain Rating Scale worst pain scores没有显著性差异,但是ITB组改善更加明显。6个月时ITB组对痉挛状态改善的满意率更多(73% vs 48%)。

最终作者认为卒中后患者采用ITB治疗与疼痛和QoL改善有关。

原始出处:

Michael Creamer,et al.Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen on Pain and Quality of Life in Poststroke Spasticity. A Randomized Trial (SISTERS). Stroke. 2018;49:2129-2137. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.118.022255

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    2019-02-13 zhyy98
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    2018-10-23 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

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