为什么芬太尼比海洛因更致命

2017-12-30 MedSci MedSci原创

阿片类危机持续恶化,部分原因是新型毒品不断流入街头。海洛因的合成表亲,芬太尼,是罪魁祸首之一。这是致命的,因为它比海洛因强得多,如上图所示,拍摄于新罕布什尔州警察法医实验室。左边是一个致命剂量的海洛因,相当于约30毫克; 右侧是3毫克剂量的芬太尼,足以杀死中等身材的成年男性。据美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)称,芬太尼的


阿片类危机持续恶化,部分原因是新型毒品不断流入街头。海洛因的合成表亲,芬太尼,是罪魁祸首之一。

这是致命的,因为它比海洛因强得多,如上图所示,拍摄于新罕布什尔州警察法医实验室。左边是一个致命剂量的海洛因,相当于约30毫克; 右侧是3毫克剂量的芬太尼,足以杀死中等身材的成年男性。

据美国疾病控制与预防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)称,芬太尼的药效比吗啡强100倍,是海洛因的很多倍。

吸毒者通常不知道他们的海洛因与芬太尼有什么关系,所以当他们注射通常数量的海洛因时,他们会不经意地服用致命剂量的毒品。

此外,虽然经销商试图将芬太尼用于提高效力,但他们的测量设备通常没有足够的精度,以确保它们的水平低于可能导致使用者过量使用的水平。另外,在街上卖的芬太尼几乎总是在一个秘密的实验室里制造的。它的纯度低于药用芬太尼,因此它对身体的影响可能更难以预测。

新罕布什尔州警察法医实验室主任Tim Pifer在接受采访时告诉统计局说,海洛因和芬太尼看起来完全一样,在街上购买的毒品"你不知道你在服用什么"。"你给自己注射了一支上膛的枪。"

新罕布什尔州与新英格兰其他地区一样,受到阿片类疫情的严重打击。2015年,该州共发现了439例药物过量;大多数与阿片类药物有关,其中大约70%与芬太尼有关。Pifer说,今年截至目前,该州已经出现了200例死于阿片类药物过量。

芬太尼最初用作麻醉剂。然后医生们意识到它在减轻疼痛方面的效果,并开始使用它。在训练有素的专业人员和实验室级设备的手中,芬太尼实际上具有相当广泛的治疗指数或范围,在该范围内药物既有效又安全。

海洛因和芬太尼之间的强度差异来自于它们的化学结构的差异。两者中的化学物质都与大脑中的μ阿片受体结合。但是芬太尼的作用比吗啡快,吗啡是人体分解海洛因时几乎即时产生的副产品,因为它更容易通过富含脂肪的大脑层。芬太尼还与受体紧密连接,以至于微小的数量足以启动触发阿片类物质对身体的影响的分子链。

对阿片受体亲和力更强也意味着需要更多的纳洛酮来对抗芬太尼过量,而不是海洛因过量。马萨诸塞州贝尔蒙特市麦克林医院行为精神药理学研究实验室主任Scott Lukas表示:"在芬太尼过量服用过程中,您可能无法使用足量的纳洛酮使患者完全恢复。纳洛酮容易使吗啡脱离受体,但对芬太尼却不那么有效。


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    2018-01-01 xue8602
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    2017-12-30 微笑人参

    谢谢!分享.谢谢!

    0

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    2017-12-30 120d0554m71暂无昵称

    **类一定要慎用

    0

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    2017-12-30 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2017-12-30 thlabcde

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