Sci Adv:杜克大学华人团队发现细胞融合及胎盘发育的新机制

2020-05-21 北京义翘神州 北京义翘神州

生物体有性繁殖、发育和内稳态维持的基础是细胞与细胞之间的融合。在生理过程中,细胞融合决定了受精的成功与否。在骨骼肌生长、修复过程中,成肌细胞的融合是形成多核肌纤维细胞的基础。在胎盘的形成过程中,单核的

生物体有性繁殖、发育和内稳态维持的基础是细胞与细胞之间的融合。在生理过程中,细胞融合决定了受精的成功与否。在骨骼肌生长、修复过程中,成肌细胞的融合是形成多核肌纤维细胞的基础。在胎盘的形成过程中,单核的滋养层细胞融合,分化生成合体的滋养层细胞,形成胎盘屏障,避免来自母体血液的免疫细胞攻击胎儿。

细胞融合具有如此重要的作用,但是目前还没有搞清楚其融合机制。近日,杜克大学的杨黄河、张洋团队在Science Advances杂志上发表了题为“TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development”的研究文章。文章发现TMEM16F能够使磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)翻转到细胞外膜上,在胎盘滋养层细胞融合中发挥重要作用。

磷脂酰丝氨酸(PS)主要存在于真核细胞质内膜,一旦转运到细胞膜外暴露时,就会发挥多方面的细胞信号,比如促进血液凝固、招募巨噬细胞以及各种细胞融合。在本研究中发现滋养层细胞融合需要PS转运到细胞外膜表面。而这一过程需要磷脂翻转酶的催化作用。

TMEM16家族是目前所知的磷脂翻转酶。本研究通过检测滋养层细胞系及原代滋养层细胞中的TMEM16家族的mRNA表达水平,结果发现TMEM16F能够高表达。并且在妊娠早期和足月胎盘中,TMEM16F在胎盘绒毛的合体滋养层细胞中显著高表达。说明TMEM16F是人滋养层细胞中PS转运的主要磷脂翻转酶。

通过TMEM16F基因敲除与野生型的小鼠进行对比,利用免疫组织学技术,证实了TMEM16F敲除小鼠的胎盘发育缺陷。在胎盘中靠近胎儿一侧会出现明显的胎盘滋养层合胞体缺失,直接导致营养交换不充分,造成胎儿血管发育障碍。并且会导致小鼠围产期的死亡。

总之,通过本文可以确定TMEM16F在调控滋养层细胞融合及胎盘发育中具有重要作用。这是一种细胞融合的新机制。并且证明磷脂酰丝氨酸翻转到细胞外膜不仅是一种细胞凋亡信号,也是细胞融合信号。

本次研究通过体外细胞实验以及基因敲除技术,利用免疫组化染色、mRNA分析等,从分子到细胞层面揭示了细胞融合的新机制,为治疗胎盘相关的妊娠疾病及其并发症提供了新思路。TMEM16F介导的细胞融合机制还将有助于理解不同细胞融合相关疾病,如肌肉营养不良、不育症、病毒感染等。

原始出处:

Yang Zhang, Trieu Le, Ryan Grabau, et.al. TMEM16F phospholipid scramblase mediates trophoblast fusion and placental development. Science Advances 06 May 2020: Vol. 6, no. 19, eaba0310

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    2020-05-22 neurowu
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    2020-05-22 licz0427
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    2020-05-21 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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