地中海饮食,比药还管用?

2016-05-16 佚名 汪芳心视界

很多人希望通过饮食预防疾病,而我们确实也在一定程度上实现了这个愿望。是的,合理健康的饮食不仅能够强健体魄,还能有效降低患病风险。这一点上欧洲人确实一马当先,“地中海饮食”就是他们提出并迅速风靡世界的。 什么是“地中海饮食”? 地中海沿岸国家很多,其中的法国人、西班牙人和希腊人等在饮食上有一个独特的习惯,喜欢吃诸如橄榄油、坚果、红酒和鱼肉一类的食物。坊间盛传该饮食习惯可以预防心血

很多人希望通过饮食预防疾病,而我们确实也在一定程度上实现了这个愿望。是的,合理健康的饮食不仅能够强健体魄,还能有效降低患病风险。这一点上欧洲人确实一马当先,“地中海饮食”就是他们提出并迅速风靡世界的。

什么是“地中海饮食”?

地中海沿岸国家很多,其中的法国人、西班牙人和希腊人等在饮食上有一个独特的习惯,喜欢吃诸如橄榄油、坚果、红酒和鱼肉一类的食物。坊间盛传该饮食习惯可以预防心血管疾病,还能有效减肥。结果一传十十传百,确切疗效究竟如何不得而知,倒是得了个名目——地中海饮食。

为了证明地中海饮食的“奇效”所言不虚,西班牙研究人员召集了7000多名年龄介于55到80岁之间的志愿者,他们的共同特点是起初并无心血管疾病,但存在很大的患病风险如2型糖尿病、吸烟、心脏疾病的家族病史等。研究人员将他们随机分为两组,其中一组要严格遵循“地中海饮食”,另一组随意。

原本计划5年后再作总结,结果试验因为其他原因提前结束。即便如此,得出的数据也足以让人兴奋:采用地中海饮食的实验组患心脏疾病的风险降低了30%!

为什么“地中海饮食”能够预防心血管疾病?

我们先要观察地中海饮食的特点:高纤维、高维生素、低脂、低热量,而这也正是心内科大夫三令五申告诫广大心血管疾病患者要“合理膳食”的最佳总结。

坚果

吃零食与其选择薯片,不如来几颗坚果,杏仁、腰果和核桃等混在一起吃最好。

这些坚果脂肪含量不低,但是其中的不饱和脂肪酸恰恰能够改善血液中的总胆固醇含量。而富含的各种抗氧化物质能够延缓炎症,对心血管起到积极的保护作用。

当然,坚果的热量含量很高,所以只建议把坚果当“零食”吃。

红酒

其实从心脏保护作用的效果来看,凡是含有“酒精”的饮品,包括任何果酒在内,饮酒的形式和规律性才是最重要的。基础研究发现,红酒含有类黄酮和白藜芦醇等抗氧化剂,能够改善内皮功能、减轻炎症反应。这也是为什么有研究发现随着酒精摄入量的增加,因心脏病造成的死亡人数反而在下降。

当然“小酒怡情,大酒伤身”是真理,如果以人群心血管获益最大、风险最低的饮酒量通常界定为:平均每日饮酒量女性不超过1个单位(约含12g酒精,相当于350ml啤酒、150ml葡萄酒、或45ml的40度或30ml的50度烈性酒),男性不超过2个单位。

鱼肉

老百姓常说肉的颜色越浅越健康,其实想想也不无道理。尽管鱼肉中的脂肪及营养成分的作用机制尚未被完全解密,至少目前我们确定鱼肉中蛋白丰富易消化,丰富的ω-3脂肪酸能够减少炎症的发生。

另外,多吃鱼肉可以提高血液中高密度脂蛋白的含量,这对于改善血脂水平意义重大。我们多年前做过调研,像我国舟山群岛的渔民冠心病的发病率普遍很低,而当地人吃鱼堪比韩国人吃泡菜一样不可或缺,这也从侧面反映出了“鱼”对心血管健康的重要性。

橄榄油

研究发现人体摄入的脂肪中,如果“ω-3”与“ω-6”这两组必需脂肪酸的比率处于1:4左右时,人体的机能容易保持在高效的巅峰状态。不胜唏嘘的是国人体内这两种脂肪酸的比例经常突破1:30甚至1:50!也就是说我们摄入的ω-3太少,而ω-6又太多!这根大家平时高脂高蛋白饮食过多有直接关系。

橄榄油,相比较动物油和花生油,ω-3含量要高出一大截。所以对那些啤酒肚、平时爱吃大肉的人来说,多吃橄榄油也是能够有效调理自身血脂、降低心血管疾病风险的!

蔬菜

水果和蔬菜的好处毋庸赘言,因为它们含有人体必需的维生素C、β-胡萝卜素、叶酸等,这些营养素的重要功能之一就是降低心脏病和各种癌症的发病率。地中海地区阳光充足、风调雨顺,盛产优质的葡萄和柑橘,其中富含的白藜芦醇和橘皮苷可以很好地抑制血栓的形成。

大蒜,是地中海沿岸国家饮食中的主角之一。大蒜除了能杀菌,其中的“大蒜精”对调理血压有特效,还在一定程度上帮助机体溶栓和改善微循环。我之前在专业杂志上读到一项研究,介绍说常吃大蒜对减少高血压发病率的几率超过1/3!

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    2016-10-06 1e10c84am36(暂无匿称)

    文章真心很好,感谢作者

    0

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    2016-08-29 ylzr123

    深度好文,值得学习,赞!

    0

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    2016-07-18 The one 00000

    不得不说,地中海饮食下慢性疾病的发病率确实比一般饮食低

    0

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    2016-05-18 wgx311
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    2016-05-17 qian0416

    健康饮食很重要~

    0

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    2016-05-17 jiangxianchen

    病从口入

    0

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地中海式饮食中包括大量水果、蔬菜鱼和粗粮。西方饮食包含细粮、糖果、甜点、糖类饮料和油炸食品。新的研究表明,地中海饮食可以降低心脏病患者心脏病发作和卒中的风险的风险。减少西方饮食的摄入可减轻民众心脏功能衰退的程度。AHA建议民众经常摄入水果、蔬菜、鱼和其他天然食品。 奥克兰大学医院的Ralph Stewart博士对全球39个国家共15482名冠心病患者进行了调查和数据分析。参与者平均年龄67岁,随访