超声诊断房间隔缺损合并孤立性右室心肌致密化不全1例

2020-01-06 吴萍 刘艳 田妍 临床超声医学杂志

患者男,37岁,1年前无明显诱因出现胸憋、气短、头晕,加重半个月来我院就诊。体格检查:收缩压100 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),舒张压75 mm Hg,心率72次/min,心律齐,心音强度可,肺动脉瓣区闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音。心电图检查示肺性P波,胸部X线片示心影増大,双肺纹理増多、紊乱。

患者男,37岁,1年前无明显诱因出现胸憋、气短、头晕,加重半个月来我院就诊。体格检查:收缩压100 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),舒张压75 mm Hg,心率72次/min,心律齐,心音强度可,肺动脉瓣区闻及Ⅳ级收缩期杂音。心电图检查示肺性P波,胸部X线片示心影増大,双肺纹理増多、紊乱。
 
超声心动图检查:右房、右室明显增大(图1),右室流出道、主肺动脉及左、右肺动脉内径増宽;房间隔见回声中断,缺损最大径约34 mm,后缘无缘,余缘可。右室游离壁、室间隔中间段及心尖段右室心内膜面均凹凸不平,见较多隆起及隐窝,形成非致密层心肌(图2),较厚处约12.8 mm,致密层心肌变薄,厚约3.7 mm,两者比值约3.4∶1。右室壁运动减弱,左室壁运动幅度大致正常。冠状静脉窦内径约35 mm,开口于右房。心包腔未见积液。多普勒超声于房水平探及左向右分流(图3)。右室隐窝内可探及血流信号(图4)。三尖瓣中-重度反流,肺动脉瓣轻度反流,估测肺动脉收缩压约86 mm Hg,肺动脉平均动脉压>38 mm Hg。左室射血分数62%。超声心动图提示:①继发孔型房间隔缺损,房水平左向右分流;②右室心肌改变,考虑右室心肌致密化不全;③肺动脉高压形成(重度)。



图1 声像图示右心明显增大;图2 声像图示右室非致密层心肌;图3 多普勒超声于房水平探及左向右分流;图4 声像图示右室隐窝内探及血流信号
 
讨论
 
心肌致密化不全是由于在胚胎发育过程中,心肌致密化过程失败或提前终止,致心室小梁化及小梁间形成深陷的隐窝,形成非致密的心肌,造成具备收缩能力的心肌减少,从而影响心肌收缩功能。随着疾病的进展,患者可出现心力衰竭。本例患者合并中央型房间隔缺损,缺损范围较大,房间隔缺损本身易造成右房、右室增大,出现右室形态的重塑及心肌的重构。
 
临床工作中超声医师诊断右室心肌致密化不全时应从胸骨旁左室长轴及短轴切面、右室流入道及流出道切面、胸骨旁及心尖四腔心切面观察右室内膜面情况,包括累及节段及程度,测量非致密层心肌厚度与致密层心肌厚度。同时应观察深陷的隐窝内有无附壁血栓形成,必要时排除禁忌症后行超声造影辅助诊断。超声心动图能实时显示心脏和大血管结构,尤其是对于心腔、室壁、瓣膜等结构的显示,对包括心肌疾病在内的一系列心脏疾患的诊断有重要诊断价值。
 
原始出处:

吴萍,刘艳,田妍,刘安国.超声诊断房间隔缺损合并孤立性右室心肌致密化不全1例[J].临床超声医学杂志,2019(06):442.

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    2020-01-08 jxrzshh
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