Nature:癌症细胞治疗靶点综述

2020-06-20 黎元 医药魔方Pro

肿瘤免疫学领域在研数量最大的疗法当属细胞治疗。5月26日,发表于Nature Reviews Drug Discovery上一篇题为”Cancer cell therapies: the

肿瘤免疫学领域在研数量最大的疗法当属细胞治疗。5月26日,发表于Nature Reviews Drug Discovery上一篇题为”Cancer cell therapies: the clinical trial landscape”的文章中,作者提供了癌症细胞治疗管线和临床试验的最新信息,并将截至2020年3月的数据与去年同期后的数据做了比对分析。

细胞治疗,是指利用某些具有特定功能的细胞,采用生物工程方法获取和(或)通过体外扩增、特殊培养等处理后,使这些细胞具有增强免疫、杀死病原体和肿瘤细胞、促进组织器官再生和机体康复等治疗功效,然后将这些细胞输注人体后,以达到治疗或缓解疾病的目的。

细胞治疗主要分为干细胞治疗和免疫细胞治疗两大类。

图1 细胞治疗的分类

免疫细胞疗法备受瞩目,它在血液瘤领域的疗效可以说是异乎寻常。但由于免疫细胞很难浸润到硕大而致密的实体瘤内部,其靶向杀伤功能往往被实体瘤微环境所抑制,因此CAR-T疗法在实体瘤(肝癌、肺癌、前列腺癌、胃癌、 直肠癌、肾癌等)暂时遇到壁垒

癌症细胞疗法管线

管线趋势 

目前全球癌症细胞疗法管线包含1483种活跃的疗法,比去年增加了472种。在不同的细胞疗法类型中,嵌合抗原受体T细胞(CAR-T)类疗法增加的最多(今年增加了290种,2019年增加了164种),而新型T细胞(如CRISPR工程改造的T细胞或γδT细胞)疗法和其它细胞疗法(如基于巨噬细胞的疗法)分别增加到了49和56种(图1)。

 

图1 癌症细胞疗法管线发展趋势(图片来源:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)

为了增进对细胞疗法同比增长的了解(图2),作者根据来源将细胞疗法重新分类为自体疗法或同种异体(off-the-shelf,现货型)疗法。在研的大部分细胞免疫疗法(667种)本质上都是自体疗法。但是,2019年处于临床前和临床I期开发阶段的同种异体疗法的增长比例最大,分别增长了73.8%和90.9%。大部分临床II期及后续阶段中的细胞疗法都在美国以外的其他国家或地区进行开发,且均未披露属于自体疗法还是同种异体疗法(图3)。值得注意的是,先前上市的同种异体疗法nalotimagene carmaleucel在临床III期试验中未能改善无病生存,于2019年10月被其制造商MolMed从欧盟市场撤下。

图2 “同种异体”和“自体”或“细胞起源未公开”的细胞疗法的比较(图片来源:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)
图3 根据国家和研发阶段分析2020年癌症细胞疗法管线格局(来源:CRI IO Analytics and GlobalData)

血液瘤和实体瘤热门靶点 为了更好地理解癌症细胞疗法的靶点,作者分别列出了针对血液瘤和实体瘤适应证的TOP10靶点(图4)。CD19仍是血液瘤细胞疗法最主要的靶点,但自去年以来,靶向B细胞成熟抗原(BCMA)或CD22的疗法数量几乎翻了一番。实体瘤细胞疗法最主要靶向未披露的肿瘤相关抗原(TAA),共有65个活跃的在研项目。此外,TOP10靶点中变化最大的是Glypican 3(GPC3)和前列腺特异性膜抗原(PSMA)。这可能是由于GPC3在儿童实体胚胎性肿瘤(solid embryonal tumours)和成人肝细胞癌(在中国非常普遍)中高表达以及PSMA在前列腺癌中存在高表达得到了很好地验证。

图4 血液瘤和实体瘤细胞疗法的主要靶点(图片来源:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)

临床试验开发 在已发表临床数据的试验中,大部分实体瘤和血液瘤的临床I期或II期试验达到了主要终点,很少报告负面结果(图5)。值得注意的是,肿瘤浸润淋巴细胞(TIL)疗法或NK细胞疗法在针对实体瘤的临床I期或II期试验中有积极结果,而其它细胞疗法如细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(一种体外诱导的NKT细胞类型)疗法在临床III期或IV期试验中结果积极。相比实体瘤适应证,基于同种异体移植的新型T细胞技术在针对血液瘤的早期试验中取得了更积极的结果。

 图5 癌症细胞疗法的临床试验结果(图片来源:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)

全球开发 美国和中国在癌症细胞疗法管线中占主导地位,在研疗法数量中国正逐渐接近美国(508 vs 600)。美国大多数细胞疗法都由医药企业开发。虽然在中国细胞疗法传统上由学术机构开发,但在去年,中国由医药企业开发的细胞疗法量已经超过了学术机构。

中国的临床前细胞疗法数量在一年内几乎翻了三番,从69个增加到202个(图6)。中国临床I期和II期癌症细胞疗法数量较去年同比增长近50%,与美国的增长率相似。在临床试验数量方面,美国和中国依然保持领先(中国871个;美国718个)。

图6 根据临床阶段对2018年至2020年更新的癌症细胞疗法管线进行比较(来源:CRI IO Analytics and GlobalData)

 总结与展望

临床前和临床开发中的癌症细胞疗法数量正在不断增加,同时这一领域也在加大将同种异体疗法应用于更广泛的患者群体的探索。这种新疗法有望成功,但与自体疗法的有效性是否相当仍有待观察,尤其是在唯一获批的同种异体非疫苗细胞疗法由于临床III期阶段缺乏疗效被从欧盟市场撤出之后。截至目前,大多数同种异体疗法都处于临床前和早期临床开发阶段,这些疗法获得广泛的临床验证可能还需要一段时间。使用同种异体细胞疗法和自体细胞疗法进行的血癌和实体瘤临床试验均显示结果积极,但这些数据仍有限,并且主要来自调查产品安全性的早期试验。此外,需要着重注意的是,负面结果的试验数据可能不会公开披露,这可能会导致大部分试验都取得阳性结果的假象。

参考资料:

1# Cancer cell therapies: the clinical trial landscape(来源:Nature Reviews Drug Discovery)

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    2020-12-16 zhwj
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933138, encodeId=59121933138d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=489ee1465be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71465, encryptionId=489ee1465be, topicName=癌症细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5d7367, createdName=zhwj, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 05:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884401, encodeId=cf8b1884401eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Mar 16 22:25:27 CST 2021, time=2021-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813762, encodeId=2d22813e6252, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:09:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895407, encodeId=c570189540e92, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18ae64e21d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗靶点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64721, encryptionId=18ae64e21d3, topicName=治疗靶点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Wed Jun 24 16:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799314, encodeId=e628e99314d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>实体瘤的微环境非常难以改变,免疫细胞是一个大的细胞,很难直接进入微环境中,单单肿瘤细胞,如果通过化疗和放疗破坏,然后再进行细胞治疗,也许效果会好一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:46:03 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799313, encodeId=6ed0e9931311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>细胞治疗目前对于血液肿瘤效果非常好,但是对实体瘤需要广泛研究,将来也许在化疗的基础上再增加细胞治疗可能是好的方法。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:45:14 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-03-16 liye789132251
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    学习了

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933138, encodeId=59121933138d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=489ee1465be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71465, encryptionId=489ee1465be, topicName=癌症细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5d7367, createdName=zhwj, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 05:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884401, encodeId=cf8b1884401eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Mar 16 22:25:27 CST 2021, time=2021-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813762, encodeId=2d22813e6252, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:09:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895407, encodeId=c570189540e92, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18ae64e21d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗靶点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64721, encryptionId=18ae64e21d3, topicName=治疗靶点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Wed Jun 24 16:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799314, encodeId=e628e99314d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>实体瘤的微环境非常难以改变,免疫细胞是一个大的细胞,很难直接进入微环境中,单单肿瘤细胞,如果通过化疗和放疗破坏,然后再进行细胞治疗,也许效果会好一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:46:03 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799313, encodeId=6ed0e9931311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>细胞治疗目前对于血液肿瘤效果非常好,但是对实体瘤需要广泛研究,将来也许在化疗的基础上再增加细胞治疗可能是好的方法。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:45:14 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933138, encodeId=59121933138d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=489ee1465be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71465, encryptionId=489ee1465be, topicName=癌症细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5d7367, createdName=zhwj, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 05:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884401, encodeId=cf8b1884401eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Mar 16 22:25:27 CST 2021, time=2021-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813762, encodeId=2d22813e6252, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:09:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895407, encodeId=c570189540e92, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18ae64e21d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗靶点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64721, encryptionId=18ae64e21d3, topicName=治疗靶点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Wed Jun 24 16:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799314, encodeId=e628e99314d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>实体瘤的微环境非常难以改变,免疫细胞是一个大的细胞,很难直接进入微环境中,单单肿瘤细胞,如果通过化疗和放疗破坏,然后再进行细胞治疗,也许效果会好一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:46:03 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799313, encodeId=6ed0e9931311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>细胞治疗目前对于血液肿瘤效果非常好,但是对实体瘤需要广泛研究,将来也许在化疗的基础上再增加细胞治疗可能是好的方法。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:45:14 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-21 lovetcm

    #细胞治疗#实体瘤的微环境非常难以改变,免疫细胞是一个大的细胞,很难直接进入微环境中,单单肿瘤细胞,如果通过化疗和放疗破坏,然后再进行细胞治疗,也许效果会好一些。

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1933138, encodeId=59121933138d4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=489ee1465be' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癌症细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71465, encryptionId=489ee1465be, topicName=癌症细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a5d7367, createdName=zhwj, createdTime=Wed Dec 16 05:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-12-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1884401, encodeId=cf8b1884401eb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3b2112532d8' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Nat#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12532, encryptionId=3b2112532d8, topicName=Nat)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=2e6f107, createdName=liye789132251, createdTime=Tue Mar 16 22:25:27 CST 2021, time=2021-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=813762, encodeId=2d22813e6252, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=64245268311, createdName=14818eb4m67暂无昵称, createdTime=Thu Aug 27 08:09:07 CST 2020, time=2020-08-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1895407, encodeId=c570189540e92, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=18ae64e21d3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#治疗靶点#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=64721, encryptionId=18ae64e21d3, topicName=治疗靶点)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=55683, createdName=仁医06, createdTime=Wed Jun 24 16:25:27 CST 2020, time=2020-06-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799314, encodeId=e628e99314d8, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>实体瘤的微环境非常难以改变,免疫细胞是一个大的细胞,很难直接进入微环境中,单单肿瘤细胞,如果通过化疗和放疗破坏,然后再进行细胞治疗,也许效果会好一些。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=139, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:46:03 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=799313, encodeId=6ed0e9931311, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3e26e794600' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#细胞治疗#</a>细胞治疗目前对于血液肿瘤效果非常好,但是对实体瘤需要广泛研究,将来也许在化疗的基础上再增加细胞治疗可能是好的方法。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=135, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=77946, encryptionId=3e26e794600, topicName=细胞治疗)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20220519/c2ab253484ee4527a2d4e9589a4821ac/45de9bf494a54becb2ea4369c9d11e85.jpg, createdBy=7a3710, createdName=lovetcm, createdTime=Sun Jun 21 09:45:14 CST 2020, time=2020-06-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-06-21 lovetcm

    #细胞治疗#细胞治疗目前对于血液肿瘤效果非常好,但是对实体瘤需要广泛研究,将来也许在化疗的基础上再增加细胞治疗可能是好的方法。

    0

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