Stroke:新型口服抗凝剂不是静脉溶栓的禁忌症?

2020-04-01 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

2020年2月来自美国的Shima Shahjouei等在 Stroke 上公布了他们的系统性综述和 meta 分析结果,他们对 tPA 静脉溶栓前接受 DOAC 抗凝者 IVT 的安全性进行了分析。

直接口服抗凝剂(Direct oral anticoagulants,DOAC)是直接凝血酶或 Xa 因子抑制剂,越来越多用于预防栓塞事件。随机临床试验显示,与华法林相比,在预防缺血性卒中和血栓栓塞方面DOAC(达比加群、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班和依度沙班)具相似或更有效的作用。尽管 DOAC 具有潜在的获益和安全性,但是这些患者仍然有卒中的风险,大约为每年1-2%。

对于接受静脉溶栓(IVT)的患者,越来越多的患者正在接受 DOAC 治疗。

最新2018年 AHA/ASA 指南推荐发病4.5h 内服用华法林的患者,只有 INR<1.7才允许静脉溶栓治疗。AHA 不推荐服用直接凝血酶抑制剂或直接 Xa 因子抑制剂的患者接受溶栓治疗,除非经过详细的凝血检查(比如,活化部分凝血活酶时间、INR、ecarin凝血时间、凝血酶时间或直接Xa因子活性)发现药物已经被清除,以及最后一次服药的时间已经超过了48h。与 AHA/ASA 指南一样,2018年法国血管神经学会和2018年法国止血和血栓研究组建议对于 IVT 前48h 停服 DOAC(肾功能正常)的患者,卒中的管理是一样的。如果 DOAC 的最后一次服用的时间距离较近,法国血管神经学会和法国止血和血栓研究组鼓励进行血栓切除术。然而,该指南允许除了检测 DOAC 的血浆浓度和标准凝血试验以外,基于是否给予了 idarucizumab、或医院类型采用 IVT 治疗。2018年日本国家临床指南关于抗凝患者的卒中溶栓意见指出,当 INR<1.7以及 aPTT 低于基线数值的1.5倍(<=40)时可以IVT。该指南把最后一次服用 DOAC 的最小时间间隔推荐为4h,并且推荐给予0.6mg/kg 阿替普酶代替标准剂量0.9mg/kg 阿替普酶。另外,在该指南中并未推荐在 IVT 前或机械取栓时给予 idarucizumab。

2020年2月来自美国的Shima Shahjouei等在 Stroke 上公布了他们的系统性综述和 meta 分析结果,他们对 tPA 静脉溶栓前接受 DOAC 抗凝者 IVT 的安全性进行了分析。

该 meta 分析共纳入了50324例急性缺血性卒中患者。其中 DOAC 366例,华法林 2133例,未抗凝50324例。我们发现48h 内服用 DOAC 未增加 IVT 后 sICH 的风险。DOAC vs 华法林:sICH 的 NINDS 标准,OR 0.53 [95% CI, 0.18–1.52];ECASS II 标准,OR 0.77 [95% CI, 0.28–2.16]。DOAC vs 未抗凝:NINDS,OR 1.23 [95% CI, 0.46–3.31];ECASS-II,OR 0.92 [95% CI, 0.33–2.55]。

同样,不限制最后一次服用 DOAC 的时间时也没有发现增加 sICH 的风险,DOAC vs 华法林:NINDS (OR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.49–1.45]), ECASS-II (OR, 1.11 [95% CI, 0.67–1.85]); DOACs vs 未抗凝治疗: NINDS (OR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.43–3.15]), ECASS-II (OR, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.33–2.41])。纳入的研究未发现异质性(I2=0%)。

该综述还提供了123例IVT 前使用或未使用逆转药物患者的详细资料。溶栓前接受idarucizumab和未接受idarucizumab患者的出血转换(OR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.50–4.38])、症状性出血转换(OR, 0.47 [95% CI, 0.09–2.55])或早期死亡(OR, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.11–3.43])没有显着性增加。

最终作者认为对于经过筛选静脉溶栓的急性缺血性卒中患者,先前服用 DOAC 未增加 sICH 的风险。

原始出处:Shahjouei S, Tsivgoulis G, Goyal N, et al. Safety of Intravenous Thrombolysis Among Patients Taking Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Stroke. 2020 Feb;51(2):533-541. 

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    2020-04-01 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

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