世卫组织:亚、非、美洲艾滋病病毒耐药性激增

2019-09-09 towersimper 生物谷

世界卫生组织(WHO)的调查显示,在过去4年中,非洲、亚洲和美洲的12个国家对构成HIV治疗支柱的两种药物---依法韦仑(efavirenz)和奈韦拉平(nevirapine)的耐药性程度已超可接受阈值范围。HIV感染者经常接受一种逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy)法,但是这种病毒能够在发生突变后产生耐药性。2014年~2018年,世界卫生组织在18个国家随机选择的诊所

世界卫生组织(WHO)的调查显示,在过去4年中,非洲、亚洲和美洲的12个国家对构成HIV治疗支柱的两种药物---依法韦仑(efavirenz)和奈韦拉平(nevirapine)的耐药性程度已超可接受阈值范围。

HIV感染者经常接受一种逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy)法,但是这种病毒能够在发生突变后产生耐药性。

2014年~2018年,世界卫生组织在18个国家随机选择的诊所进行了调查,并研究了在此期间开始接受HIV治疗的患者的耐药性水平。

其中的12个国家中,10%以上的成年HIV患者对这两种药物产生了耐药性。当高于这个阈值时,再开HIV药物被认为是不够安全的,因为耐药性可能会增加。这一结果公布在2019年7月世界卫生组织的一份报告中。

接受调查的女性中有12%的人携带耐药性HIV,而在男性中,这一数字为8%。

这份报告称,撒哈拉以南非洲地区感染上HIV的婴儿存在高水平的耐药性。在2012年~2018年期间,该地区九个国家中大约有一半的新确诊婴儿携带对依法韦仑、奈韦拉平或对这两者药物产生耐药性的HIV。这令人非常担忧。

该报告的作者之一、世界卫生组织驻瑞士日内瓦的传染病内科医生Silvia Bertagnolio说,耐药性的原因仍然是不清楚的。不过,她也表示,当患者中断治疗时,耐药性HIV可能会产生。

许多HIV女性感染者可能在怀孕期间服用抗逆转录病毒药物来阻止她们的婴儿遭受HIV感染,却在分娩后停止服用。在2015年之前,WHO推荐这种做法,但是在2015年,WHO建议孕妇和哺乳期妇女终身服用抗逆转录病毒药物。

在中断治疗后重新开始服用依法韦仑和奈韦拉平的患者产生耐药性的比率(21%)比首次服用的患者(8%)高得多。

HIV感染者可能出于一些原因断断续续地使用这些药物。Bertagnolio说,他们可能不希望被人看到他们服用的药物,因为会感到羞耻。这份报告夜指出有可能诊所的药物发生了短缺。

作为对这种证据的回应,世界卫生组织建议各国使用度鲁特韦(dolutegravir)作为治疗HIV的首选药物,这种药物比其他药物更有效、更具有耐受性。

位于西班牙巴塞罗那的德国特里亚斯普约尔大学医院(Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital)传染病医生Roger Paredes说,与其他抗逆转录病毒药物相比,尽管HIV会发生突变,但它对多鲁替格拉韦产生耐药性的可能性较低。他补充道,“我们必须鼓励全世界过渡到使用度鲁特韦。”

Bertagnolio对此表示同意,但呼吁谨慎使用。如果治疗实施不佳或不完整,耐药性还是可能会出现。

参考资料:

1.Alarming surge in drug-resistant HIV uncovered

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02316-x

2.HIV drug resistance report 2019

https://www.who.int/hiv/pub/drugresistance/hivdr-report-2019/en/

(原标题:令人担忧!世卫组织指出亚、非、美洲艾滋病病毒耐药性激增)

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