阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的药物治疗:灵丹妙药在望吗?

2021-08-26 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种全球高度流行性疾病,四十年来的主要治疗方法是在睡眠期间应用持续气道正压通气(CPAP),而药物疗法无疑是一个有吸引力的想法。

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是一种全球高度流行性疾病,四十年来的主要治疗方法是在睡眠期间应用持续气道正压通气(CPAP),而药物疗法无疑是一个有吸引力的想法,但由于对OSA疾病机制的了解有限,因此发展缓慢。

不过现在越来越认识到OSA是一种异质性疾病,具有不同的表型及不同的发病机制,慢慢也推动了CPAP以外的治疗方式的研究,近期发表在Respirology上的一项药物治疗研究,恰是该主题的一个补充。该研究表明,托莫西汀-奥昔布宁(Ato-Oxy)联合用药唑吡坦的使用可以提高睡眠效率和觉醒阈值OSA患者睡眠质量更好。

方法

该研究纳入了12名OSA参与者,根据双盲、随机、交叉设计原则,让其在实验室过夜前服用10毫克唑吡坦加Ato-Oxy(80-5毫克)或Ato-Oxy加安慰剂(80-5毫克)。并给参与者配备了会厌导管、鼻罩和呼吸速度描记器,以量化觉醒阈值和气流。另外,通过卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表和驾驶模拟任务评估第二天的嗜睡和警觉性。

结果

结果发现,与Ato-Oxy+安慰剂相比,添加唑吡坦使睡眠效率提高9%±13%(80.9%±16.9% VS  88.2%±8.2%,p=0.037)和呼吸唤醒阈值提高17%±18%(-26.6±14.5 VS -33.8±20.3cmH2O,p=0.004)。

与单独使用Ato-Oxy相比,唑吡坦提高了睡眠效率

与单独使用Ato-Oxy相比,唑吡坦系统地增加了呼吸唤醒阈值。

在这项研究中,唑吡坦对睡眠呼吸障碍的严重程度(AHI)没有变化。联合治疗的耐受性良好,唑吡坦不会加重第二天的困倦。

研究夜晚之间的呼吸暂停-低通气指数(AHI)没有差异

结论

通过增加呼吸唤醒阈值来抵消托莫西汀在OSA中的潜在唤醒促进特性,唑吡坦提高睡眠效率不会改变呼吸事件或夜间低氧血症的发生率。然而,虽然添加唑吡坦不会增加第二天感知到的困倦,但考虑到对第二天早上客观警觉性的潜在影响,仍需要谨慎。

本研究的数据强化了OSA的治疗选择策略。事实上,无论是基于设备还是基于药物治疗,临床医生和科学家期待为所有OSA受试者找到灵丹妙药,对于睡眠呼吸暂停领域来说,当有关疾病机制的知识不断积累,治疗策略的探索也随之而来。

原文出处:Messineo, LCarter, SGTaranto-Montemurro, L, et al. Addition of zolpidem to combination therapy with atomoxetine-oxybutynin increases sleep efficiency and the respiratory arousal threshold in obstructive sleep apnoea: A randomized trialRespirology202126878– 886https://doi.org/10.1111/resp.14110

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    2022-03-05 tomyang96
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    2021-08-26 李梓烨

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