Nat Biotechnol:CRISPR单碱基编辑准确!

2017-04-14 张迪 生物通

来自韩国基础科学研究所IBS的研究人员发表了题为“Genome-wide target specificities of CRISPR RNA-guided programmable deaminases”的文章,证实了最近研发的基因编辑方法的准确性。这一研究成果公布在4月10日的Nature Biotechnology杂志上。

来自韩国基础科学研究所IBS的研究人员发表了题为“Genome-wide target specificities of CRISPR RNA-guided programmable deaminases”的文章,证实了最近研发的基因编辑方法的准确性。这一研究成果公布在4月10日的Nature Biotechnology杂志上。



文章的通讯作者是基因编辑领域的大牛KIM Jin-Soo,其研究组曾在Nature等顶级杂志发表多篇文章,提出了CRISPR技术领域的不少创新想法,比如他们曾设计出了目前最小的CRISPR-Cas9,并通过腺伴随病毒(AAV)将其递送到了肌细胞和小鼠的眼睛里,用以编辑导致失明的基因。

对于最新这项研究,Kim表示,“这是第一次在整个基因组水平上验证了这种碱基编辑的准确性”。

基因编辑工具的快速发展令整个生物学研究领域疯狂,目前第三代DNA剪刀的主角是CRISPR,这是一种比其前身更快更便宜的工具。CRISPR-Cas9和CRISPR-Cpf1通过切除小的DNA序列,讷讷感沉默或降低错误基因的表达。然而,去年一种新的碱基编辑方法:不会引起随机的DNA缺失和插入,而是替换一个DNA基因,吸引了生物学家的注意。

这种基因校正方法很关键,因为一些疾病就是因为DNA的四种基本组分之一(腺嘌呤(A)、胞嘧啶(C)、鸟嘌呤(G)和胸腺嘧啶(T))出错引起的。DNA中的单核苷酸错误被称为点突变,由点突变引起的疾病包括:囊性纤维化,镰状细胞性贫血和色盲。

与现有的第三代DNA剪刀不同,单碱基编辑方法是由与CRISPR-Cas9(nCas9,切口酶)变体与另外一种称为胞嘧啶脱氨酶(cytosine deaminase)构成,用T代替C,通过导向RNA直接指向正确DNA位置。不过到目前为止,还不知道这种碱基编辑器是仅在错误基因区域中发挥作用,还是能在其它区域进行替换(脱靶)。

上个月,IBS的研究人员分别改变了肌营养不良蛋白基因(Dmd),以及酪氨酸酶基因(Tyr)中的单个核苷酸,用以检验CRISPR-nCas9胞苷脱氨酶的融合。研究获得了两方面的成功:携带Dmd基因单个核苷酸突变的小鼠胚胎,导致小鼠肌肉中无法产生dystrophin蛋白;另外一种是携带Tyr突变的小鼠,显示的病症是白化病性状。Dystrophin蛋白与肌肉肌营养不良症疾病相关,酪氨酸酶控制黑素的生成。

而在最新这项研究中,他们又在基因组范围能验证了这一方法的准确性,并在肌营养不良蛋白和酪氨酸酶基因中修改了单个核苷酸。

为了确定整个基因组的基因编辑正确性,研究人员修改了一种错误检测技术:Digenome-seq,这一技术可在全基因组范围内检测人类细胞中的CRISPR/Cas9脱靶效应(新方法终结CRISPR-CAS9争论)。同时也改进了计算机程序(Digenome 2.0),更全面地识别脱靶,比较了不同的导向RNA,从而找到了减少故障并增加特异性的RNA。

利用这种技术,研究人员验证了碱基编辑器技术的正确性,并且发现它比当前第三代CRISPR-Cas9更准确。碱基编辑技术能诱导人类基因组中1-67个位点发生C-to-T转换,而CRISPR-Cas9在30-241个位点能进行切割,这意味着碱基编辑器正在减少脱靶变化。 “因此,预计这些碱基编辑器将会成为广泛使用的受欢迎CRISPR技术,”Kim说。

原始出处:
Kim D, Lim K, Kim ST, et al.Genome-wide target specificities of CRISPR RNA-guided programmable deaminases.Nat Biotechnol. 2017 Apr 10.

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    2017-10-06 liye789132251
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    2017-05-14 sunylz
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    2017-09-23 shock_melon
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    2017-04-16 yuandd

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胚胎发育是一个不可思议的复杂过程,在这个过程中数百万个分子和细胞事件陆续发生。然而,对于这个精巧的生物学过程,有时即使是单个核苷酸的改变也会严重地改变生活。杜氏肌营养不良(Duchenne muscular dystrophy,简称DMD)就是一个明显的例子。据统计,在全球范围内,每3500名新生男婴中就有1名罹患此病。由于抗肌萎缩蛋白(dystrophin)基因发生突变,肌肉细胞变得脆弱,肌肉被

盘点:CRISPR基因编辑技术或有望治疗癌症和HIV等顽疾

CRISPR/Cas系统是大多数细菌与所有的古菌中的一种后天免疫系统,其全名为常间回文重复序列丛集/常间回文重复序列丛集关联蛋白系统,能够以消灭外来的质体或者噬菌体并在自身基因组中留下外来基因片段作为“记忆”。近年来以CRISPR/Cas9为基础的基因编辑技术在一系列基因治疗的应用领域都展现出极大的应用前景,比如艾滋病、血液病、肿瘤等多种人类顽疾;那么近期CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑