NEJM:二尖瓣手术是否同期行三尖瓣成形?

2021-11-19 网络 网络

心脏外科领域备受瞩目的针对二尖瓣手术是否同期行三尖瓣成形的重磅研究结果,该原创研究同期发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM;DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2115961)。同时也在AHA会议上

心脏外科领域备受瞩目的针对二尖瓣手术是否同期行三尖瓣成形的重磅研究结果,该原创研究同期发表于《新英格兰医学杂志》(NEJM;DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2115961)。同时也在AHA会议上同期发布。

退行性二尖瓣关闭不全是心脏外科手术中的常见病种,临床上这类患者多合并不同程度的三尖瓣关闭不全,比较常见。对于合并三尖瓣重度关闭不全的患者,业界公认应该同期行三尖瓣成形术来阻止三尖瓣返流的恶化、维护右心功能和降低肺动脉压力;但对于轻度或中度三尖瓣关闭不全是否应同期手术处理,目前国际上仍存在较大争议。对这一指征,最新的美国2020 AHA/ACC(美国心脏病学会)瓣膜病管理指南中为Ⅱa类推荐(B类证据),欧洲2021 瓣膜病管理指南也将此作为Ⅱa类推荐(B类/C类证据),同时倾向于根据三尖瓣有无瓣环扩张作为是否需要同期手术干预的依据。

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国际上的保守观点认为针对轻中度三尖瓣关闭不全的成形手术属过度治疗,在增加体外循环手术时间和医疗成本的同时,还增加永久起搏器植入、三尖瓣置换的并发症发生风险。这正是美国心胸外科学会(AATS)所属心胸外科临床试验协作网络(CTSN)发起这项国际多中心随机对照临床试验的初衷。这项研究发现,同期接受三尖瓣成形术的患者在2年时的复合主要终点事件(因三尖瓣反流再次接受手术,三尖瓣反流相对于基线进展两级或出现重度三尖瓣反流,或者死亡)发生率低于单纯接受二尖瓣手术的患者,发生率降低的驱动因素是进展为重度三尖瓣反流的发生率较低。然而,证据基础不足以决定是否在二尖瓣手术期间对有中度三尖瓣返流或瓣环扩张的小于中度反流的患者进行三尖瓣修复。

这项研究自2016年启动该试验以来历时5年,通过3个国家、共计39个心脏中心完成这项研究。研究纳入401例患者,因退行性二尖瓣关闭不全而接受二尖瓣手术的患者随机分配接受有或没有三尖瓣瓣环成形术 (TA) 的手术。未按随机手术方案执行的患者比例控制在1%以下。2 年终点是三尖瓣关闭不全再次手术、三尖瓣关闭不全从基线进展两个等级或存在严重三尖瓣关闭不全或死亡的复合终点。

结果显示,接受二尖瓣手术加 TA 的患者的主要终点事件少于单独接受二尖瓣手术的患者(3.9% 对 10.2%)(相对风险,0.37;95% 置信区间 [CI], 0.16 到 0.86;P = 0.02)。手术加 TA 组的两年死亡率为 3.2%,单独手术组为 4.5%(相对风险,0.69;95% CI,0.25 至 1.88)。手术加 TA 组的 2 年三尖瓣反流进展率低于单纯手术组(0.6% 与 6.1%;相对风险,0.09;95% CI,0.01 至 0.69)。 2 年时,两组的主要心脑血管不良事件发生率、功能状态和生活质量相似,但手术加 TA 组永久性起搏器植入的发生率高于单纯手术组组(14.1% 与 2.5%;比率,5.75;95% CI,2.27 至 14.60)。

结论:在接受二尖瓣手术的患者中,同时接受 TA 的患者的主要终点事件发生率低于仅接受二尖瓣手术的患者 2 年,这种降低是由于进展到严重的三尖瓣关闭不全。三尖瓣修复导致更频繁的永久性起搏器植入。三尖瓣关闭不全的进展减缓是否会带来长期的临床益处,只有通过更长时间的随访才能确定。

这项研究一经发表,引发争论。首先,研究将目标患者人群靶定在退行性二尖瓣关闭不全合并轻中度关闭不全的患者。排除了功能性二尖瓣关闭不全、结构性三尖瓣病变、严重不可拟肺动脉高压、容量管理不当可能影响瓣膜功能评价等人群,尽可能保障了结果的纯粹和易于解读。其中,研究还针对轻度和中度的三尖瓣关闭不全开展了亚组分析。研究入选的患者三尖瓣关闭不全普遍较轻,中度关闭不全的比例仅为37%。亚组分析结果显示,研究主要结局在轻度关闭不全患者中无显著差异(3.4% vs 6.1%),同期三尖瓣成形手术的优势主要体现在中度关闭不全的亚组人群中(4.5% vs 18.1%)。这一结果提示退行性二尖瓣手术时,对合并有中度三尖瓣关闭不全的患者同期行成形手术的获益更为显著。

同时,研究设定了三尖瓣返流再次手术、三尖瓣返流加重和死亡的复合终点作为主要结局,综合评价同期三尖瓣成形手术的安全性和有效性。结果显示,同期三尖瓣成形手术有效阻止了三尖瓣返流加重(0.6% vs 6.1%)。但是,同期三尖瓣手术显著增加了房室传导阻滞以及心动过缓植入永久起搏器的风险(14.1% vs 2.5%),这是极大的争议。如果没有永久起搏器,会不会得不出有效的结论?

尽管这项研究目前仅揭示了2年随访结果,但其发现初步肯定了退行性二尖瓣手术同期行三尖瓣成形手术的获益,为国际现行临床指南更新提供了高质量客观证据,对指导心脏外科临床治疗具有重要参考和应用价值。我们期待研究的5年远期结果能够阐释同期三尖瓣手术能否在改善临床结局和患者症状等方面进一步体现优势,为这一术式提供更充分、更全面的证据。

原始出处:

Gammie JS, Chu MWA, Falk V, Overbey JR, Moskowitz AJ, Gillinov M, Mack MJ, Voisine P, Krane M, Yerokun B, Bowdish ME, Conradi L, Bolling SF, Miller MA, Taddei-Peters WC, Jeffries NO, Parides MK, Weisel R, Jessup M, Rose EA, Mullen JC, Raymond S, Moquete EG, O'Sullivan K, Marks ME, Iribarne A, Beyersdorf F, Borger MA, Geirsson A, Bagiella E, Hung J, Gelijns AC, O'Gara PT, Ailawadi G; CTSN Investigators. Concomitant Tricuspid Repair in Patients with Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation.N Engl J Med. 2021 Nov 13. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2115961

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    2022-09-18 zhouqu_8
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    2021-11-21 wwzzly
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709143, encodeId=ce6c1e09143b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd013896021' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#同期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38960, encryptionId=cd013896021, topicName=同期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 12:50:29 CST 2022, time=2022-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952160, encodeId=a89c1952160c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f11b2390577' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二尖瓣手术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23905, encryptionId=f11b2390577, topicName=二尖瓣手术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 10:50:29 CST 2022, time=2022-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463303, encodeId=86d61463303bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cff92389310' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二尖瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23893, encryptionId=cff92389310, topicName=二尖瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fdb26536308, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun Nov 21 08:50:29 CST 2021, time=2021-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1578487, encodeId=ce8115e8487e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a1021962883' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三尖瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19628, encryptionId=a1021962883, topicName=三尖瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c7cb16409801, createdName=124985dbm11(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Nov 21 08:50:29 CST 2021, time=2021-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071979, encodeId=661d10e197917, content=长津湖免费观影第二波,明天11月20日,10:00的场次,明天开场前在建邺影城取票,只有100个名额哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 07:58:24 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071907, encodeId=401710e190761, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210810/330aae3e89264a89a9410b62d7b7d3d9/50cd5acfa4694c47b9fee4e570c3e6a1.jpg, createdBy=d1c82325117, createdName=啦啦啦一只小猪, createdTime=Fri Nov 19 22:28:31 CST 2021, time=2021-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709143, encodeId=ce6c1e09143b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd013896021' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#同期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38960, encryptionId=cd013896021, topicName=同期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 12:50:29 CST 2022, time=2022-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952160, encodeId=a89c1952160c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f11b2390577' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二尖瓣手术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23905, encryptionId=f11b2390577, topicName=二尖瓣手术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 10:50:29 CST 2022, time=2022-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463303, encodeId=86d61463303bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cff92389310' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二尖瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23893, encryptionId=cff92389310, topicName=二尖瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fdb26536308, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun Nov 21 08:50:29 CST 2021, time=2021-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1578487, encodeId=ce8115e8487e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a1021962883' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三尖瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19628, encryptionId=a1021962883, topicName=三尖瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c7cb16409801, createdName=124985dbm11(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Nov 21 08:50:29 CST 2021, time=2021-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071979, encodeId=661d10e197917, content=长津湖免费观影第二波,明天11月20日,10:00的场次,明天开场前在建邺影城取票,只有100个名额哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 07:58:24 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071907, encodeId=401710e190761, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210810/330aae3e89264a89a9410b62d7b7d3d9/50cd5acfa4694c47b9fee4e570c3e6a1.jpg, createdBy=d1c82325117, createdName=啦啦啦一只小猪, createdTime=Fri Nov 19 22:28:31 CST 2021, time=2021-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-20 查查佳佳

    长津湖免费观影第二波,明天11月20日,10:00的场次,明天开场前在建邺影城取票,只有100个名额哈

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1709143, encodeId=ce6c1e09143b5, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cd013896021' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#同期#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=38960, encryptionId=cd013896021, topicName=同期)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/aLGWoFXAyMbIu3qymFOyheQLjPSX3OUs5GmkyBlcCOwTPIeq3why9NGibxxUqYo6hcx8qZLHZFgNPnBK1yzWeOFpyg2OnWOt0/0, createdBy=fa4716, createdName=zhouqu_8, createdTime=Sun Sep 18 12:50:29 CST 2022, time=2022-09-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1952160, encodeId=a89c1952160c2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f11b2390577' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二尖瓣手术#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23905, encryptionId=f11b2390577, topicName=二尖瓣手术)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=5a6b240, createdName=俅侠, createdTime=Sun Jul 24 10:50:29 CST 2022, time=2022-07-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1463303, encodeId=86d61463303bf, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=cff92389310' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#二尖瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=23893, encryptionId=cff92389310, topicName=二尖瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=fdb26536308, createdName=wwzzly, createdTime=Sun Nov 21 08:50:29 CST 2021, time=2021-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1578487, encodeId=ce8115e8487e2, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a1021962883' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#三尖瓣#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=31, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19628, encryptionId=a1021962883, topicName=三尖瓣)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=c7cb16409801, createdName=124985dbm11(暂无昵称), createdTime=Sun Nov 21 08:50:29 CST 2021, time=2021-11-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071979, encodeId=661d10e197917, content=长津湖免费观影第二波,明天11月20日,10:00的场次,明天开场前在建邺影城取票,只有100个名额哈, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTIrrxxDxnLic8t6EAs38Qfwo6H2h6JMleIgb9OSYf6LMnVDkQEqUXWoSDWboibjhOBI9SJDTXweqQIA/132, createdBy=50aa5321359, createdName=查查佳佳, createdTime=Sat Nov 20 07:58:24 CST 2021, time=2021-11-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1071907, encodeId=401710e190761, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210810/330aae3e89264a89a9410b62d7b7d3d9/50cd5acfa4694c47b9fee4e570c3e6a1.jpg, createdBy=d1c82325117, createdName=啦啦啦一只小猪, createdTime=Fri Nov 19 22:28:31 CST 2021, time=2021-11-19, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-19 啦啦啦一只小猪

    学习

    0

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