JAMA子刊:2/3早衰症儿童心功能受损,年龄越大越明显

2018-04-01 梅文秀 中国医学论坛报

儿童早衰症(HGPS)是一种极其罕见的、致命性的、散发性的遗传综合征,每4百万到8百万新生儿中就有1人患有此综合征。他们的临床症状很独特,表现为身材矮小,体重低,头发脱光,脂肪营养不良,硬皮病样皮肤改变。患病儿童平均存活年龄为13岁,最后往往死于心脏疾病。值得一提的是,HGPS类似于衰老,但不完全等同于衰老。

儿童早衰症(HGPS)是一种极其罕见的、致命性的、散发性的遗传综合征,每4百万到8百万新生儿中就有1人患有此综合征。他们的临床症状很独特,表现为身材矮小,体重低,头发脱光,脂肪营养不良,硬皮病样皮肤改变。患病儿童平均存活年龄为13岁,最后往往死于心脏疾病。值得一提的是,HGPS类似于衰老,但不完全等同于衰老。

美国一项迄今为止最大规模的队列研究对27例HGPS患者(占全世界总患者数的25%)进行了评估,发现三分之二的受试者出现左心室舒张功能障碍,且左心室舒张功能障碍见于各个年龄段,其患病率随年龄增长而增高。这项新奇的结果于2018年2月21日在线发表在《美国医学会杂志·心脏病学》(JAMA Cardiol)。

研究简介

波士顿儿童医院心脏中心的Ashwin Prakash博士是该研究的第一作者。他的团队在2014年7月至2016年2月期间,对27例经过临床和基因学检查确认的HGPS患者进行前瞻性评估,每次随访都是波士顿儿童医院单独进行。受试者平均年龄5.6岁(2岁~17岁),56%为男性。在进入一项开放标签的蛋白法尼基化抑制剂的药物试验之前,所有患者都要进行评估。

在这项研究中,所有受试者接受复杂的超声心动图评估,包括左心室收缩和舒张功能、左室肥大(LVH)和左室瓣膜异常,弥补以前HGPS大规模研究并未涉及舒张功能评估的遗憾。超声心动图对左心室舒张功能障碍的定义为:组织多普勒间隔或外侧早期速度z评分小于2。

结果发现:

①左心室舒张功能障碍出现在16例(59%)患者中,属于最常见的异常。

②HGPS患者生命早期(5岁或6岁)即开始出现左心室舒张功能障碍,到第二个十年的中期,几乎所有患者都出现。

③各个年龄层患者均出现舒张功能障碍,符合正常衰老的特点。年龄越大,左心室舒张功能的指标变得越异常。

④年龄大的患者,横向和间隔的早期速度z评分分数更低(分别为r =−0.77,r =−0.66,且P <0 .001),早期二尖瓣流入速度和早期舒张组织多普勒心肌速度的比值更高 (分别为r = 0.80 ,r = 0.72, P <0 .001)。

⑤其他的心脏异常,包括左室肥厚(LVH)和瓣膜病(二尖瓣和主动脉瓣狭窄或返流),在第一个十年不太常见,常出现在生命的第二个十年里。

⑥没有患者出现左心室收缩功能障碍,左心室射血分数整体高于正常人。

⑦此外,心电图异常也不常见,仅见于第二个十年。

⑧虽然舒张功能障碍常见,但患者均未表现出心脏相关症状、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常或心肌梗死

研究的意义

Prakash博士指出,该研究带来一种新视角,左心室舒张功能障碍作为HGPS早期异常表现,舒张功能参数可作为疾病进展的标志,或许,也可监测正在使用治疗方案的效果。过去我们认为HGPS患者的心脏在第二个十年才开始患病,现在我们明白应从疾病早期关注舒张功能。

研究还存在一些局限性:

①对于健康儿童而言,心输出量及左心室容量与体表面积(BSA)呈线性关系。HGPS儿童脂肪含量少、体质指数低,导致出现BSA校正后的心输出量更高,左心室容量Z评分更高。更重要的是,即使校正了身体组分的混杂作用,左心室质量Z评分仍高于正常平均值。

②众所周知,系统性高血压与左室舒张功能障碍有关,但研究中两者并没有显著关联。

由于HGPS病例极少,其心血管异常的信息也非常有限。往往在尸检中发现,HGPS患者大小动脉血管平滑肌细胞丢失,代之以纤维组织,主动脉和二尖瓣增厚、钙化,心肌间质纤维化和心肌梗死

研究者推测,在HGPS中,其他因素对心脏疾病的发病机制起着重要作用,可能涉及弥漫性心肌纤维化、心内膜纤维化或亚临床冠状动脉缺血。心肌间质纤维化和心内膜增厚,两者都可能导致舒张功能不全。同时,这些发现可能成为HGPS管理中潜在的、重要的新标志。

Prakash博士满怀期待地表示,研究还将继续,下一步计划是进行纵向随访获取更多数据,还会进行其他药物试验,寻求潜在的治疗方法。

澳大利亚Diane Fatkin博士发表述评,如果左心室舒张功能障碍成为疾病总体严重程度的主要标志,而不是一种潜在的非致命的常见并发症,那么这种关联性会更有说服力。

现有研究认为HGPS与LMNA(核纤层蛋白)基因突变有关,而LMNA基因突变与收缩功能障碍有关。 Fatkin博士认为,该研究中舒张功能缺陷的临床影响并不明确。

为什么所有的这种 LMNA基因变异的HGPS患者,并没有表现出左心室舒张功能缺陷?在临床试验中,如何对这些表型阴性的患者进行评估?

其实,LMNA基因突变是引起左室收缩功能障碍和扩张型心肌病的重要原因,但在研究中甚至没有一例患者出现收缩功能障碍。

出现于较大年龄HGPS患者的左室舒张功能障碍,可引起射血分数保留的心力衰竭或房性心律失常,但这些现象也没有被观察到。可能与年龄小,其他原因致死较早有关。

Fatkin博士强调,弄清楚引起左心室舒张功能障碍的病因,或许可帮助我们找到治疗或预防舒张功能障碍及其并发症的新方法,对HGPS患者以及左心室舒张功能障碍的人群均有好处。

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    2018-04-02 yfjms

    学习

    0

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    2018-04-02 owlhealth

    不错耶.学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1465673, encodeId=3f9f14656e35c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5f5f508933f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#心功能#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=25, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=50893, encryptionId=5f5f508933f, topicName=心功能)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=6df96750284, createdName=caobinglei8081, createdTime=Tue Apr 03 10:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1530835, encodeId=7c7e15308351e, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f9cd5950630' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#早衰症#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59506, encryptionId=f9cd5950630, topicName=早衰症)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=ea8212147736, createdName=zhangfenasdf, createdTime=Tue Apr 03 10:56:00 CST 2018, time=2018-04-03, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=302053, encodeId=3a23302053db, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c3da1990174, createdName=yfjms, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 12:28:52 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=302041, encodeId=907c302041c2, content=不错耶.学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=87, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=3b2c1627329, createdName=owlhealth, createdTime=Mon Apr 02 11:46:27 CST 2018, time=2018-04-02, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=301805, encodeId=ce2d30180513, content=非常不错.扩宽临床视野!!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=88, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/Q0j4TwGTfTK29w9r0upRgxUXHNhe7bd3VxHnhBSpibMbKOjtX92zXr78SkuZfUNuADrjHiaw6uibZaEYjh9cJLzew/132, createdBy=261e1682638, createdName=1de3b290m83(暂无匿称), createdTime=Sun Apr 01 21:18:13 CST 2018, time=2018-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=301790, encodeId=90ed301e90ac, content=了解一下.谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=74, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Sun Apr 01 20:10:04 CST 2018, time=2018-04-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-04-01 1de3b290m83(暂无匿称)

    非常不错.扩宽临床视野!!

    0

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    2018-04-01 天地飞扬

    了解一下.谢谢分享!

    0

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