医学统计学分析基本思路指南

2012-04-29 medstatistics MedSci原创

医学统计学的学习一定要以理解为主。对于初学者,不必强记一大堆的公式,也不要死钻牛角尖,非要弄明白为什么这种方法叫“t检验”、“F检验”,为什么这个残差叫做“学生化残差”等等。这些都是历史遗留问题,感兴趣的读者可以查阅统计学史。对于只想应用的人来讲,你只要了解在什么情况下应该用什么方法,什么指标应该用于什么情形。 尽管多数统计教材都说了数据分析应该先做假设检验,然后选定统计量,然后怎么怎么。但实际

医学统计学的学习一定要以理解为主。对于初学者,不必强记一大堆的公式,也不要死钻牛角尖,非要弄明白为什么这种方法叫“t检验”、“F检验”,为什么这个残差叫做“学生化残差”等等。这些都是历史遗留问题,感兴趣的读者可以查阅统计学史。对于只想应用的人来讲,你只要了解在什么情况下应该用什么方法,什么指标应该用于什么情形。

尽管多数统计教材都说了数据分析应该先做假设检验,然后选定统计量,然后怎么怎么。但实际中我们拿到一堆数据的时候,不会坐在桌上先列出零假设和备择假设,也不会满座子地计算统计量。更实际的分析思路是:

1)先确定研究目的,根据研究目的选择方法。不同研究目的采用的统计方法不同,常见的研究目的主要有三类:一是差异性研究,即比较组间均数、率等的差异,可用的方法有t检验、方差分析、χ2检验、非参数检验等。二是相关性分析,即分析两个或多个变量之间的关系,可用的方法有相关分析。三是影响性分析,即分析某一结局发生的影响因素,可用的方法有线性回归、logistic回归、Cox回归等。

2)明确数据类型,根据数据类型进一步确定方法。不同数据类型采用的统计方法也不同。定量资料可
用的方法有
t检验、方差分析、非参数检验、线性相关、线性回归等。分类资料可用的方法有χ2检验、对数线性模型、logistic回归等。图1.6简要列出了不同研究目的、不同数据类型常用的统计分析方法。

3)选定统计方法后,需要利用统计软件具体实现统计分析过程。SAS中,不同的统计方法对应不同的命令,只要方法选定,便可通过对应的命令辅之以相应的选项实现统计结果的输出。

4)统计结果的输出并非数据分析的完成。一般统计软件都会输出很多结果,需要从中选择自己需要的部分,并做出统计学结论。但统计学结论不同于专业结论,最终还需要结合实际做出合理专业结论。

下面是本人简单总结的常用方法的选择,可供读者参考。如有引用本图者,请注明引自《医学案例统计分析与SAS应用》一书,谢谢。

 

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    2018-03-26 烹茶静思

    准备好好学学

    0

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    2013-04-20 294684942

    相当不错

    0

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    2013-02-08 mazuizhe

    厉害

    0

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    2012-11-05 lwjpsy

    很好 不错

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=300000, encodeId=e2923000000b, content=准备好好学学, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/25/ac617363fe5f8639baeefddd777fe48a.jpg, createdBy=aad52307677, createdName=烹茶静思, createdTime=Mon Mar 26 23:32:45 CST 2018, time=2018-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5658, encodeId=4ffe5658f0, content=相当不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=700377999, createdName=294684942, createdTime=Sat Apr 20 01:21:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1632043, encodeId=1e22163204393, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be9f3422e0e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学统计#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34227, encryptionId=be9f3422e0e, topicName=医学统计)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b87121842187, createdName=30397611, createdTime=Sun Oct 14 01:15:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5465, encodeId=697c5465d9, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9a877401, createdName=mazuizhe, createdTime=Fri Feb 08 22:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4893, encodeId=651c48933b, content=很好 不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=780c70565, createdName=lwjpsy, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 23:53:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4259, encodeId=ffa9425960, content=简洁 清晰, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=202.120.79.222, createdTime=Tue May 15 09:40:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442264, encodeId=eb19144226455, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4989e8938c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#统计学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78938, encryptionId=4989e8938c9, topicName=统计学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df8a4916199, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Tue May 01 08:15:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-05-15 202.120.79.222

    简洁 清晰

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=300000, encodeId=e2923000000b, content=准备好好学学, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=49, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2018/03/25/ac617363fe5f8639baeefddd777fe48a.jpg, createdBy=aad52307677, createdName=烹茶静思, createdTime=Mon Mar 26 23:32:45 CST 2018, time=2018-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5658, encodeId=4ffe5658f0, content=相当不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=700377999, createdName=294684942, createdTime=Sat Apr 20 01:21:00 CST 2013, time=2013-04-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1632043, encodeId=1e22163204393, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be9f3422e0e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#医学统计#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=34227, encryptionId=be9f3422e0e, topicName=医学统计)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b87121842187, createdName=30397611, createdTime=Sun Oct 14 01:15:00 CST 2012, time=2012-10-14, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=5465, encodeId=697c5465d9, content=厉害, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=f9a877401, createdName=mazuizhe, createdTime=Fri Feb 08 22:37:00 CST 2013, time=2013-02-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4893, encodeId=651c48933b, content=很好 不错, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=108, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=780c70565, createdName=lwjpsy, createdTime=Mon Nov 05 23:53:00 CST 2012, time=2012-11-05, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=4259, encodeId=ffa9425960, content=简洁 清晰, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=202.120.79.222, createdTime=Tue May 15 09:40:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1442264, encodeId=eb19144226455, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=4989e8938c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#统计学#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=78938, encryptionId=4989e8938c9, topicName=统计学)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=df8a4916199, createdName=siiner, createdTime=Tue May 01 08:15:00 CST 2012, time=2012-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2012-05-01 siiner

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