J Hepatology: 急性肾病与肝硬化和急性肾损伤患者的不良预后相关

2022-06-21 xuyihan MedSci原创

急性肾损伤是一组临床综合征, 是指突发(1-7d内)和持续(>24h)的肾功能突然下降,定义为血清肌酐(SCr)至少上升0.5mg/dl 1,表现为氮质血症、水电解质和酸碱平衡以及全身各系统症状。

急性肾损伤 (AKI) 是住院肝硬化患者的常见并发症,高达53%的患者在入院时发生AKI或在住院期间发生AKI。在这种情况下,AKI 与高住院死亡率密切相关。在没有肝硬化的患者中,AKI易发展成为慢性肾脏病 (CKD),急性肾病 (AKD) 是AKI持续长达3个月的症状。因此,更好地表征 AKD 及其相关结果对于改善预后非常重要。因此,本研究的目的是在全美范围的肝硬化和 AKI 住院患者队列中确定与 AKD 相关的发病率和危险因素。

本项研究共纳入625名肝硬化和AKI住院患者,所有患者均接受了AKD评估并随访180天。AKI和AKD 的定义分别基于 KDIGO 和 ADQI AKD 以及肾脏恢复共识标准。主要观察结局指标是死亡率,次要观察结局指标是新发慢性肾病(CKD)。竞争风险多变量模型用于确定 AKD 与主要和次要结局的独立关联。

 

研究结果显示所纳入的患者中AKD的发生率为32%。在调整显着混杂因素的多变量竞争风险分析中,AKD 患者在 90天([sHR] 1.37;95% CI 1.14-1.66;p = 0.001)和180天(sHR 1.37;95% CI 1.14-1.64;p = 0.001)时死亡风险较高。与没有 AKD 的患者相比,新发CKD 的发生率为 37.5%( p< 0.001),AKD 患者的新发 CKD 发生率更高(64.0%)。在调整混杂因素后,在多变量竞争风险分析中,AKD 与新发CKD独立相关(sHR 2.52;95% CI 2.01-3.15;p < 0.001)。

本项研究证实AKD发生在三分之一的肝硬化和 AKI 住院患者中,并且与较差的生存率和新发CKD 相关。针对 AKD 的干预措施可能会改善肝硬化和 AKI 患者的预后。

原始出处:

Kavish R. Patidar. Et al. Acute kidney disease is common and associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis and acute kidney injury. Journal of Hepatology.2022.

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