早期肺动脉高压是极早产儿支气管肺发育不良相关晚期肺动脉高压的危险因素

2021-11-16 刘少飞 MedSci原创

肺动脉高压 (PH) 与极早产儿 (EPI) 的显着死亡率和发病率相关。本研究旨在评估在过渡期后 4-7 天进行的超声心动图临床检测到的早期PH是否是超声心动图筛查检测到的中度或重度支气管肺发育不良。

极早产儿(EPI)中的 肺动脉高压(PH)分为“早期”和“晚期”两个阶段。早产儿的早期 PH 发生在出生后的早期,与足月儿新生儿持续性肺动脉高压 (PPHN) 的临床或超声心动图表现相似,尤其是孕妇早产儿胎膜早破 (PPROM) 和羊水过少1时间延长。早产儿的早期 PH 是支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) 和死亡的重要危险因素. 相比之下,早产儿晚期 PH 发生较晚,最近被认为主要与 BPD 相关。众所周知,BPD 是与晚期 PH 发展相关的最强因素。此外,晚期 PH 婴儿的死亡率明显高于没有 PH 的婴儿。因此,需要更好的策略来提高这一弱势早产儿群体的生存率。

为了制定此类策略,强烈需要更好地了解 EPI 中 PH 的发生,包括识别风险因素。几个因素,例如羊水过少或宫内发育迟缓,是众所周知的早期 PH 的危险因素。然而,晚期 PH 的风险因素与 BPD 的风险因素重叠,并且没有已知的 BPD 特异性风险因素。 此外,早期 PH 是否与晚期 PH 相关并因此预测晚期 PH,尤其是与早产儿 BPD 相关时,尚无定论。本研究评估了在产后 4-7 天 (PND) 时通过超声心动图临床检测到的 22-27 周极早产儿 (EPI) 的早期肺动脉高压 (PH) 是否是月经后 36 周前死亡的危险因素(PMA) 或中度或重度 (m/s) 支气管肺发育不良 (BPD) (BPD-PH) 的晚期 PH。

研究方法:

2012 年至 2017 年期间,共有 294 名胎龄为 22-27 周、出生体重为 401-999 g 的婴儿在三星医疗中心分娩并入院。 排除 28 名患有严重先天性畸形的婴儿和 19 名未进行超声心动图检查的婴儿后4-7 个 PND 的数据,247 个 EPI 包括在本研究中(图)。

我们分析了 PMA 或 BPD-PH 36 周前死亡的危险因素。在登记的 247 名 EPI 中,74 名(30.0%)有早期 PH。 21 名 (28.4%) 早期 PH 婴儿和 18 名 (10.4%) 没有早期 PH 的婴儿在 PMA 36 周前死亡; 14 名 (18.9%) 早期 PH 婴儿和 9 名 (5.2%) 没有早期 PH 的婴儿在 PMA 36-38 周时出现 BPD-PH。多变量分析显示早期 PH(调整后的比值比,6.55;95% 置信区间,3.10-13.82,P < 0.05)、临床绒毛膜羊膜炎(2.50;1.18-5.31)、脑室内出血(3-4 级)(3.463-1) 9.37)和晚期败血症(6.76;3.20-14.28)独立地增加了在 PMA 或 BPD-PH 36 周之前发生死亡的风险。 m/s BPD 患者的亚组分析显示,早期 PH(4.50;1.61-12.58)和延长的有创呼吸机护理(> 28 天)(4.91;1.02-23.68)独立地增加了晚期 PH 的风险。总之,应监测 4-7 PND 早期 PH 的 EPI,以了解 BPD 相关的晚期 PH 发展。

 

文献出处:

Kim HH, Sung SI, Yang MS, Han YS, Kim HS, Ahn SY, Jeon GW, Chang YS, Park WS. Early pulmonary hypertension is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated late pulmonary hypertension in extremely preterm infants. Sci Rep. 2021 May 27;11(1):11206. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-90769-4. PMID: 34045608; PMCID: PMC8160152.

 

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    2021-11-17 neurowu
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